SEPARATING MIXTURES Chapter 3

SEPARATING MIXTURES Because substances in a mixture are physically combined, the processes used to separate a mixture are based on difference in physical properties Sometimes it’s not easy to separate a mixture

FILTRATION Heterogeneous mixture composed of solids and liquids can be separated by filtration Technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

DISTILLATION Most homogeneous mixtures can be separated by distillation Separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved Mixture is heated until the lowest boiling point boils to a vapor that can then be condensed into a liquid and collected

DISTILLATION

CRYSTALLIZATION Separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles When the solution contains as much dissolved substance as it can hold, any additional dissolved substance will come out of solution

CHROMATOGRAPHY Technique that separates the components of a mixture on the basis of the size of the particles which affects how well they travel through a porous medium (stationary phase) Mobile phase: components of the mixture Stationary phase: substance which is fixed in place Can identify a substance based on how long it takes a mixture to travel through the stationary phase

CHROMATOGRAPHY