Secular Music in the Middle Ages

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Presentation transcript:

Secular Music in the Middle Ages

Secular Music: Middle Ages Music did exist outside of the church. 1st notated secular music: 12th & 13th centuries: Troubadours and Trouveres : French Nobles… Most Famous: Troubadour Guillaume IX, duke of Aquitaine; trouvere Chastelain de Couci Knights had reputations as musical poets Most preserved because clerics wrote them down.

Secular Music: Middle Ages Songs performed by court minstrels Most deal with love, but some about the Crusades,dance songs and spinning songs Southern France: women troubadours addressed songs to men

Secular Music: Middle Ages About 1650 Troubadour and Trovere melodies preserved Notation does not indicate rhythm, but had a regular meter and a clear beat,unlike gregorian chant

Secular Music: Middle Ages Wandering minstrels ( jongleurs----juggler) Music and acrobatics in castles, taverns and town squares Didn’t have rights and on the lowest social class, same level as prostitutes and slaves Few found work in the service of the nobility Provided information like newspaper (tabloid) Performed songs written by others; played instrumental dances on harps fiddles and lutes

Estampie Medieval dance Oldest surviving instrumental dance forms Single melodic line notated, but does not specify instrument Instrumental accompaniments were probably improvised for most dance tunes Most just added a drone-two notes repeated at an interval of a fifth In triple meter, strong fast beat

Development of Polyphony Most music was monophonic, one line of music Between 700-900 AD, monks in monasteries began adding second line to Gregorian chant Second line was improvised, not notated Duplicated chant melody at different pitch. Written in parallel motion, note against note at the interval of a 4th or 5th

Organum Gregorian chant with one or more additional melodic lines Between 900-1200, organum became truly polyphonic 2nd melodic line began to be more independent of the 1st line Sometimes in contrary motion 1100,2nd line even more independent, different rhythms Bottom chant long notes, top chant shorter notes

School of Notre Dame 1150 Paris-intellectual and artistic capital of Europe Paris became center of polyphonic music University of Paris attracted leading scholars of the time Cathedral of Notre Dame (1163) epitome of gothic architecture Known composers : Leonin and Perotin (School of Notre Dame)

School of Notre Dame 1170-1200 composers developed rhythmic innovations Use of measured rhythm, with definite time values and meter 1st time in history , precise rhythms and pitches Initially notation indicated certain rhythmic patterns and beat was subdivided into threes Most sounds hollow and thin by today’s standards Few triads (later, triad became basic consonant chord structure) Triad initially was considered dissonant As middle ages advanced, triads were used more often; polyphonic music became more rich by our standards