Plant Evolution Evolved from green algae (450 mya) –E–Evidence: Both have chlorophyll, store energy as starch, DNA similarities Green algae ancestor.

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Presentation transcript:

Plant Evolution

Evolved from green algae (450 mya) –E–Evidence: Both have chlorophyll, store energy as starch, DNA similarities Green algae ancestor –M–Multicellular body –C–Cells w/ channels to communicate –R–Reproduce w/ sperm & egg Early plants –L–Low growth

Okay, so we now know that plants evolved from green algae… What do we know about algae? Yeah- mostly aquatic & unicellular, some multicellular but low growth (nothing really above water) So, what sort of challenges do you think land plants had to over come?

Land Adaptations Challenge: Retain Moisture –Early plants grew near waters edge Solutions: –Cuticle: waxy coating –Stomata: pores to allow gas exchange

Land Adaptations Challenge: Transporting Resources –Solution: Vascular system- tissue to transport nutrients Up from the roots (ex: water) Down from the leaves (ex: sugars) –Allows taller growth Vascular tissue consists of what’s called xylem (ZY-LUM)and phloem (FLO-M), that’s what the first picture on the left shows. The picture on the right is of a cross section from a plant stem. Those openings are where that vascular tissue is.

Land Adaptations Challenge: Growing upright –Large plants need to support own weight –Solution: Lignin- hardens cell wall; gives wood strength

Land Adaptations Challenge:Reproduction on land –Solutions: –Pollen: carried by wind/animals –Seeds: hard coat protects embryo inside The first seed leaf (or leaves) that sprouts is called a cotyledon(s). Those that only have 1 leaf are called MONOcots, and those with 2 are called Dicots. This also helps to classify plants…we’ll discuss this more later.

Alternation of generations Sporophyte (diploid) –B–Begins when sperm fertilizes egg (zygote) –D–Diploid zygote divides by mitosis to create a mature sporophyte –M–Meiosis produces haploid cells called spores –H–Haploid spores released

Gametophyte (haploid) –B–Begins with spores created by meiosis –S–Spore grows into gametophyte Male gametophyte creates sperms Female gametophyte creates eggs –S–Sperm & egg create diploid zygote (process repeats) You’ll see this again later…

Plant Ecology Mutualistic relationships –Type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit –Ex: Plants (provides living space)/Bacteria (create nutrients) –Ex: Plants (provide food)/Insects (help pollinate) Herbivore interactions –Defense adaptations –Spines, thorns, chemicals,

What to do now?? You can start your homework if you’d like (dice pgs & 665) To do that (view the online textbook) you must have already created an account on classzone.com (you only need an account to view the online text…not to play games, etc.) If you want to create an account, please do! The access code is Otherwise, you may work on anything else…as long as you’re PRODUCTIVE and not socializing!!! BE GOOD!