Warm-Up Questions 1.) To create consumers for their new products, manufacturers turned to a.) Televisionb.) Mass productionc.) Advertisingd.) Newspaper and magazine articles 2.) A major element of the new morality of the 1920’s was a.) An increase in stay-at-home mothersb.) An increase in support for women’s independence c.) A decrease in the use of automobilesd.) An increase in traditional values in marriage 3.) The new morality of the 1920’s glorified a.) Workb.) Traditional valuesc.) Personal freedomd.) Wealth 4.) The flowering of African American arts in the 1920’s became known as a.) Harlem Renaissanceb.) Great Migration c.) Great Awakeningd.) Glory Days 5.) Which event publicly debated the subjects of evolution and creationism and their place in education? a.) Billy Sunday’s revivalsb.) The Scopes trial c.) The Sacco-Vanzetti Cased.) Aimee McPherson’s faith healings Many people viewed Sacco and Vanzetti with suspicion because The bullets used in a murder matched Sacco’s gun They were Italian immigrants and anarchists Sacco owned a gun similar to the murder weapon They were members of the Ku Klux Klan

The Great Depression Objective 9.1: Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920’s and 1930’s Objective 9.2: Analyze the extent of prosperity for different segments of society during this period

Presidents (Add to your notes) Warren G. Harding 29 th President, Won the presidency by appealing to Americans’ desire to return to life as it was before the war Died in office Calvin Coolidge 30 th President, 1923 – 1929 Harding’s Vice President, became President when Harding died

Election of 1928 Herbert Hoover (Republican) vs. Alf Smith (Democrat) Hoover wins because the economy is booming and very prosperous Hoover predicts the end of poverty –“Chicken in every pot”; “Two cars in every garage”

Presidential Policies of the 1920’s Very laissez-faire No regulation of banking or stock market

The Economy Pre-1929: Long Term Causes Buying on Margin Farmer’s problems Uneven distribution of wealth Installment buying Lack of prosperity in major industries Planned obsolesce High tariffs like the Hawley-Smoot

Stock Market Crash October, Stock prices begin to fall October 29, 1929 – “Black Tuesday” –The stock market’s steepest dive As stock brokers call in margins, people can’t pay, banks lose from investing and downward spiral begins Selling spree of stocks to anyway who would buy People begin to panic

Stock Market Crash

It Gets Worse Banks –During the Great Depression, when a bank collapsed, depositors lost their savings Businesses –Many businesses failed and went out of business People –Unemployment skyrockets

The Dust Bowl Farmers on the Great Plains began to lose their crops because a terrible drought dried the soil Ruined farmers Okies –Over a million people from Oklahoma migrated away from the dust bowl and many headed to the farms in California's Central Valley.

The Depression Across the Country Country areas: –Foreclosures of farms –Bartered food for services – Usually poor to begin with Cities –Soup kitchens and Breadlines Charities set these up to give poor people a meal –Hoovervilles Newly homeless people put up communities of shacks that they called this

Social Effects –Suicides –Mental illness –Massive unemployment –Maintaining ethics and hard work –Shame in getting handouts Family life –Hobos –Delays on marriages –Fewer children –Malnutrition of many Effects of the Great Depression

Hollywood Responds Time to escape to the movies Radio Authors –John Steinbeck (Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath)

Hoover’s Reactions Rugged Individualism No direct relief to the people “Two families in every garage”

The Bonus Army A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington in 1932 WWI Veterans who want their bonuses that weren’t payable until 1945 They demanded early cash- payment redemption of their service certificates

Election of 1932 Herbert Hoover - Republican vs. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (F.D.R.) - Democrat F.D.R. pledges a “New Deal” –Help for the common man –No specifics –Very upbeat Democrats win Congress and F.D.R. wins big, becomes the 32 nd President of the United States ( , only president elected to more than two terms)

Assignment “The Great Depression” Worksheet Vocabulary Words –Black Tuesday –Bonus Army –Hoovervilles –Herbert Hoover –Franklin D. Roosevelt –Warren Harding –Calvin Coolidge –Dust Bowl