More about maintaining a table Use speaker notes for additional information!

SQL> CREATE TABLE stu_maintain 2 (stuidno VARCHAR2(4), 3 name VARCHAR2(20), 4 major CHAR(2), 5 numcrs NUMBER(3), 6 gpa NUMBER(5,3), 7 stdate DATE); Table created. CREATE TABLE To review the create process, when you create a table you issue the command CREATE TABLE followed by the table name. Then, within parenthesis, you list the column/field names followed by the type and length where needed. When all fields have been listed, close the parenthesis and key in the semi-colon.

DESCRIBE SQL> DESCRIBE stu_maintain; Name Null? Type STUIDNO VARCHAR2(4) NAME VARCHAR2(20) MAJOR CHAR(2) NUMCRS NUMBER(3) GPA NUMBER(5,3) STDATE DATE The DESCRIBE command followed by the table name is used to show the structure of the table.

SQL> INSERT INTO stu_maintain 2 VALUES('1111','John Randolph', 'CI',12,3.333,'10-SEP-98'); 1 row created. SQL> INSERT INTO stu_maintain 2 VALUES ('2222','Susan Quincy', 'CI', 15, 3.250, '11-SEP-99'); 1 row created. SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE John Randolph CI SEP Susan Quincy CI SEP-99 INSERT INTO To review, the INSERT INTO command followed by the name of the table and then the word VALUES followed by the values needed will create a row/record in the table. Note that the VALUES have to be in the same order as the columns/fields on the file. When I did the CREATE TABLE, stuidno was first so the data for that field is also entered first. Name was second so the data for name is entered second.

SQL> INSERT INTO stu_maintain (stuidno, name, stdate) 2 VALUES('3333','Ann Tanner','23-JAN-00'); 1 row created. SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE John Randolph CI SEP Susan Quincy CI SEP Ann Tanner 23-JAN-00 INSERT INTO If you only want to put data in specific fields, you can list the fields after the table name and then only enter data for the names specified.

SQL> UPDATE stu_maintain 2 SET major = 'BU' 3 WHERE stuidno = '3333'; 1 row updated. SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE John Randolph CI SEP Susan Quincy CI SEP Ann Tanner BU 23-JAN-00 UPDATE In this example, I want to update an existing row/record by changing the major which has no data to BU. I want to make this change only for the record where the stuidno is If you eliminate the WHERE clause, all records would be changed. STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE John Randolph CI SEP Susan Quincy CI SEP Ann Tanner 23-JAN-00

STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE John Randolph CI SEP Susan Quincy CI SEP Ann Tanner BU 23-JAN-00 SQL> UPDATE stu_maintain 2 SET numcrs = 4, gpa = WHERE stuidno = '3333'; 1 row updated. SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE John Randolph CI SEP Susan Quincy CI SEP Ann Tanner BU JAN-00 UPDATE

SQL> INSERT INTO stu_maintain (stuidno, name) 2 VALUES ('3434','TO DELETE'); 1 row created. SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE John Randolph CI SEP Susan Quincy CI SEP Ann Tanner BU JAN TO DELETE SQL> DELETE FROM stu_maintain 2 WHERE stuidno = '3434'; 1 row deleted. SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE John Randolph CI SEP Susan Quincy CI SEP Ann Tanner BU JAN-00 DELETE FROM DELETE FROM DELETE FROM removes the specified row/record from the table.

SQL> ALTER TABLE stu_maintain 2 ADD (stu_opt VARCHAR2(5)); Table altered. SQL> DESCRIBE stu_maintain; Name Null? Type STUIDNO VARCHAR2(4) NAME VARCHAR2(20) MAJOR CHAR(2) NUMCRS NUMBER(3) GPA NUMBER(5,3) STDATE DATE STU_OPT VARCHAR2(5) ALTER TABLE SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE STU_O John Randolph CI SEP Susan Quincy CI SEP Ann Tanner BU JAN-00

SQL> INSERT INTO stu_maintain (stu_opt) 2 SET stu_ 3 SQL> UPDATE stu_maintain 2 SET stu_opt = 'prog' 3 WHERE stuidno = '2222'; UPDATE SQL> UPDATE stu_maintain 2 SET stu_opt = 'trans' 3 WHERE stuidno = '1111' OR stuidno = '3333'; 2 rows updated. SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE STU_O John Randolph CI SEP-98 trans 2222 Susan Quincy CI SEP-99 prog 3333 Ann Tanner BU JAN-00 trans Above, I updated stu_opt for stuidno 2222 and below I updated stu_opt for stuidno 1111 and The results are shown in the SELECT.

SQL> DESC stu_maintain; Name Null? Type STUIDNO VARCHAR2(4) NAME VARCHAR2(20) MAJOR CHAR(2) NUMCRS NUMBER(3) GPA NUMBER(5,3) STDATE DATE STU_OPT VARCHAR2(5) SQL> ALTER TABLE stu_maintain 2 MODIFY (stu_opt VARCHAR2(10)); Table altered. SQL> DESC stu_maintain; Name Null? Type STUIDNO VARCHAR2(4) NAME VARCHAR2(20) MAJOR CHAR(2) NUMCRS NUMBER(3) GPA NUMBER(5,3) STDATE DATE STU_OPT VARCHAR2(10) SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE STU_OPT John Randolph CI SEP-98 trans 2222 Susan Quincy CI SEP-99 prog 3333 Ann Tanner BU JAN-00 trans ALTER MODIFY ALTER MODIFY Original table structure had stu_opt 5 characters. After modification, stu_opt is 10 characters. MODIFY changes the structure of the table.

UPDATE STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE STU_OPT John Randolph CI SEP-98 trans 2222 Susan Quincy CI SEP-99 prog 3333 Ann Tanner BU JAN-00 trans SQL> UPDATE stu_maintain 2 SET stu_opt = 'transfer' 3 WHERE stuidno = '1111' OR stuidno = '3333'; 2 rows updated. SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE STU_OPT John Randolph CI SEP-98 transfer 2222 Susan Quincy CI SEP-99 prog 3333 Ann Tanner BU JAN-00 transfer

SQL> ALTER TABLE stu_maintain 2 MODIFY (stu_opt VARCHAR2(5)); MODIFY (stu_opt VARCHAR2(5)) * ERROR at line 2: ORA-01441: column to be modified must be empty to decrease column length ALTER MODIFY ALTER MODIFY In this example, I tried to decrease the size of the stu_opt field. The field contained data that was more than 5 characters so data would have been lost with this decrease. Note the error message that resulted. STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE STU_OPT John Randolph CI SEP-98 transfer 2222 Susan Quincy CI SEP-99 prog 3333 Ann Tanner BU JAN-00 transfer

UPDATE SQL> UPDATE stu_maintain 2 SET GPA = 4.000; 3 rows updated. SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM stu_maintain; STUI NAME MA NUMCRS GPA STDATE STU_OPT John Randolph CI SEP-98 transfer 2222 Susan Quincy CI SEP-99 prog 3333 Ann Tanner BU JAN-00 transfer When the WHERE clause is omitted, the UPDATE effects all records.