INTRODUCTION TO THE NAVY JROTC UNIT 3

CHAPTER 1 Citizenship and Responsibility

AUTHORITY AND LAW Authority is the answer to the question, “Who says so?” They have the power to make and enforce laws and other important decisions. Law A rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority Laws are agreements by with people live. There are laws forbidding major crimes that pose obvious threat to the safety and stability of any society.

THE CITIZEN’S ROLE – RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES There are three ways to become an American citizen: By birth Anyone born on US soil is automatically an American citizen – jus soli, law of the soil. Anyone born in a foreign country to US citizens is also a US citizen – jus sanguinis, law of the blood. By naturalization Consists of waiting a period of time, taking citizenship classes, passing a citizenship test, and then appearing before a judge and swearing an oath of allegiance to the United States. By act of Congress Congress passes a law declaring all people in a certain territory to be United States citizens – happened most recently when Alaska and Hawaii became states All citizens have the same basic responsibility – they need to respect and obey the laws. Other responsibilities as a citizen are: the right to vote, defending the country against foreign aggression or supporting the armed forces

ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT Monarchy – ruled by one Aristocracy – ruled by few Democracy – rules by many Classical Republicanism A theory that holds that the best kind of government is one that promotes the common welfare instead of the interest of one class of citizens Civic virtue The dedication of citizens to the common good, even at the cost of their individual interests Separation of powers The division of the government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches

CHAPTER 2 Foundations of the US Government

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE July 4 th, 1776 – the Second Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed America’s independence from the British Empire Drafted by Thomas Jefferson

THE FIVE PARTS OF THE DECLARATION The Preamble – the introduction, the colonists’ promise to explain themselves to the world Notion of Devine Right – “All men are created equal” and all men have the rights involving “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” Grievances Against King George III Steps to Resolve Differences with England Declaration – they declared “that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION During the Revolutionary War, the country was governed by the Articles of Confederation Things that were missing: No real taxing authority No executive or judicial branch No power to regulate trade No power to relate relations between the states, or between a state and a foreign country Constitutional Convention A special meeting held to draw up a new constitution

THE VIRGINIA PLAN The Virginia Plan proposed a strong central government with the three branches the US has today: legislative, executive, and judicial. It called to: Pass laws that individual states could not pass, such as laws governing trade between states Strike down state laws in conflict with national laws Call forth the national armed forces if necessary to enforce laws passed by Congress BUT… major questions still remained: How much power should the national government have? How would states’ representation be determined? Should each state’s representation depend on population or geographical size?

THE GREAT COMPROMISE This proposal called for treating all states equally in the upper house but assigning the number of seats in the lower house of the legislature by population. 435 seats in the House of Representatives are divided among the states by population

OTHER CONSTITUTIONAL BALANCING ACTS Balanced power between state and government Balanced legislative powers between chambers of Congress Checked the president’s power to conduct foreign policy by giving the Senate the right to ratify all treaties Legislative Branch – makes the laws and levies taxes Executive Branch – enforces the laws Judicial Branch – interprets the laws and assures individuals’ rights

OVERVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION Article I – details the duties of Congress and sets forth the requirements to become a senator or representative Article II – describes the president’s power and explains the requirements to become president Article III – covers the judicial branch Article IV – describes the relationship between individual states and between the states and the federal government Article V – provides for changing the Constitution with the support of two-thirds majority vote Article VI – provides for the adoption of all previous federal government debts and proclaims the Constitution to be the supreme law of the land Article VII – tells how the Constitution is to be ratified

BILL OF RIGHTS The Framers created the first 10 amendments, also knows as the Bill of rights 1.Religious and Political Freedom 2.The Right to Bear Arms 3.Quartering of Soldiers 4.Search and Seizure 5.Criminal Proceedings and Due Process 6.The Right to a Jury Trial 7.The Right to a Civil Trail 8.Punishment for Crimes 9.Unenumerated Rights 10.Powers Reserved to the States

CHAPTER 3 National Defense

THE DEFENSE STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED STATES Chain of command The system by which authority passes down through the military ranks, which each level accountable to a superior

THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE The president appoints a group of top officials to handle certain aspects of the administration policies These men and women are known as the president’s Cabinet They’re responsible for military matters known as… The Secretary of Defense and runs the Department of Defense (DoD) The DoD is the ultimate authority beneath the president for… national defense and managing military resources

THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL The Secretary of Defense serves the Cabinet but also on the National Security Council The NSC discusses… – National security – Foreign policies questions – Advices the president on such matters

THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE The secretary oversees three military departments: Department of the Navy Department of the Army Department of the Air Force

THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS Under the secretary of the Navy is the Navy’s top military officer, the Chief of Naval Operations CNO is responsible for the two main parts of the Navy: Operating forces and the naval shore establishment

THE JOINT CHIEF OF STAFF The CNO has counterparts in other service branches: Army Chief of Staff Air Force Chief of Staff Commandant of the Marine Corp These four military officials, plus a chairman and vice chairman, from the Joint Chief of Staff

THE US NAVY The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train, and equip combat- ready naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, and maintaining freedom of the seas 6 th Fleet – Mediterranean Sea 5 th Fleet – Arabian Gulf 2 nd Fleet – Atlantic 3 rd Fleet – Eastern Pacific 7 th Fleet – Western Pacific The missing fleets are a result of renumbering especially after WWII

THE SHORE ESTABLISHMENT 1.Repair and maintenance 2.Communication facilities 3.Personnel recruiting and training 4.Intelligence and meteorological support 5.The management of supplies in warehouse 6.Medical and dental facilities 7.Maintenance of naval air bases

RELATIONSHIP WITH THE MARINE CORPS The Secretary of the Navy has two service chiefs reporting to him: the CNO and the Commandant of the Marine Corps