Figure 2-1 Anatomy of a sine wave One Second One cycle V = Voltage t = time A = Amplitude One cycle per second = one Hertz a a One Hertz t

Figure 2-2 Cycles per second 2 cycle per second (2 Hz) 1 cycle per second (1 Hz) 4 cycle per second (4 Hz) One Second

Figure 2-3 Electromagnetic Wave form

Figure 2-4 Phase Shift 90 degree phase shift 270 degree phase shift 180 degree phase shift

Figure 2-5 Three important components of a telephone hand set

Figure 2-6 Telephone Carbon Microphone

Figure 2-7 How a speaker works

Figure 2-8 Telephone components with duplex coil and touch-tone keypad

Figure 2-9 Residential cabling Residences

Figure 2-10 Roadside wiring concentrator Typical phone company boxe (wiring concentrator) that you have seen by the side of the road

Figure 2-11 Entrance bridge Ground wire From the Central Office To phones inside house Entrance Bridge

Figure 2-12 Analog to digital signals and transmission techniques Analog Data Digital Data Analog Data Analog Transmission (PSTN) Digital Transmission (Digital Data Lines Digital Transmission (Digital Data Lines or LAN Analog Transmission (PSTN) Modem Modulator Codec Digital Transmitter Analog Signal Digital Signal

Figure 2-13 Coding and digitizing

Figure 2-14 Dual tone dialing pad

Figure 2-15 Two-wire and four-wire pairs

Figure 2-16 Two-wire circuit

Figure 2-17 Four-wire circuit Customer SiteCarrier Transmit Receive

Figure 2-18 CPE (Customer Premises Equipment), lines, trunks, switches

Figure 2-19 The anatomy of an analog voice channel Frequency multiplexed voice signals Bandwidth of a voice channel

Figure 2-20 Electromagnetic Spectrum

Chapter 02 Figure 2-1 Anatomy of a sine wave Figure 2-2 Cycles per second Figure 2-3 Electromagnet Wave form Figure 2-4 Phase shift Figure 2-5 Three important components of a telephone hand set Figure 2-6 Telephone carbon microphone Figure 2-7 How a speaker works Figure 2.8 Telephone components with duplex coil and touch-tone keypad Figure 2-9 Residential Cabling Figure 2-10 Roadside wiring concentrator Figure 2-11 Entrance bridge Figure 2-12 Analog and digital signals and transmission techniques Figure 2-13 Coding and digitizing [Figure 2-14 Dual tone dialing pad Figure 2-15 Two-wire and four wire pairs Figure 2-16 Two-wire circuit Figure 2-17 Four-wire circuit Figure 2-18 CPE (Customer Premises Equipment), lines, trunks, switches Figure 2-19 The anatomy of an analog voice channel Figure 2-20 Electromagnetic Spectrum