CELLS INVOLVED IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

A. HUMORAL LIQUID PART OF THE BLOOD

1)PLASMA 5% OF BODY WEIGHT MAINLY WATER

2) SERUM PROTEIN PART OF BLOOD, MORE VISCOUS THAN PLASMA

a)COMPLEMENT: PROTEINS WHICH LYSE ANTIBODY COATED CELLS

b)ANTIBODIES: GLYCOPROTEINS WHICH BIND TO ANTIGENS

B. CELLULAR

1)PLATELETS: THROMBOCYTES CLOT THE BLOOD

2) RED BLOOD CELLS – ERYTHROCYTES

RED BLOOD CELLS CARRY O2 USE IRON IN HEMOGLOBIN

3) WHITE BLOOD CELLS - LEUKOCYTES

FUNCTIONS: 1. PHAGOCYTOSIS 2. PRODUCE ANTI- BODIES

3. CLEAN BLOOD CLOTS 4. KILL CELLS ON CONTACT

A.GRANULOCYTES GRAINY CYTOPLASM INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS

1.NEUTROPHILS: 50 – 70% MOST ABUNDANT 100 BILLION PRODUCED/DAY

1 ST AT SITE OF INJURY DIAPEDESIS – SQUEEZE THRU CAPILLARIES

2. BASOPHILS.5 – 1% INCREASE IN BACTERIAL/ VIRAL INFECTIONS

INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS – RELEASE HISTAMINE HEPARIN

3. ESINOPHILS: 1 – 5% INCREASE IN WORMS, ALLERGIES

KILL ON CONTACT DIGEST EXTRACELLULAR PARASITES

4. NATURAL KILLER CELLS

KILL CANCER CELLS FOREIGN GRAFTS VIRUS INFESTED CELLS

B. AGRANULOCYTES: LACK A GRAINY CYTOPLASM AND ARE NOT INFLAMMATORY INITIATORS

1.MACROPHAGES 2. 2 – 6% 3. CALLED MONOCYTES IN CIRCULATION

4. FOLLOW NEUTROPHILS TO SITE 5. ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL

2. DENDRITIC CELLS – ANTI- GEN PRESENTING CELL

COMMON AT MUCUS MEMBRANES

MAY ACTUALLY PRESENT HIV VIRUSES TO TH CELLS

3. LYMPHOCYTES: MAKE UP 20 – 30 %

A. T – LYMPHO- CYTES

SPEND TIME IN THE THYMUS

DISCOVERED IN THE 1950 ’ S AND 1960 ’ S MANY TYPES

1)T HELPER CELLS AKA – CD4 CELLS PRESENT ANTIGENS TO B CELLS

2)CYTOTOXIC T CELLS – TCYTO AKA – CD8 CELLS

LYSE CELLS ON CONTACT – THIS DESTROYS VIRUS INFESTED CELLS

3)T REGULATORY/ T SUPPRESSOR CELL – SLOW DOWN IMMUNE RESPONSE

PREVENT OVER- KILL

4)T DELAYED TYPE HYPER- SENSITIVITY CELL

INVOLVED WITH DELAYED TYPE ALLERGIES – LIKE POISON IVY, METALS

B –LYMPHOCYTES OR B CELLS PRODUCE ANTI- BODIES

B CELLS THAT PRODUCE ANTIBODIES ARE KNOWN AS PLASMA CELLS

USUALLY REQUIRE ACTIVATION THROUGH THE T HELPER CELLS