HIV and ELISA Structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its replication in helper T cells. How HIV causes the symptoms of AIDS. Why antibiotics.

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Presentation transcript:

HIV and ELISA Structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its replication in helper T cells. How HIV causes the symptoms of AIDS. Why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. The use of monoclonal antibodies in: targeting medication to specific cell types by attaching a therapeutic drug to an antibody medical diagnosis. Details of the production of monoclonal antibodies is not required. Ethical issues associated with the use of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. - The use of antibodies in the ELISA test.

HIV Structure of the human immunodeficienc y virus (HIV) and its replication in helper T cells. How HIV causes the symptoms of AIDS. Why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. The use of antibodies in the ELISA test. -Virus -Called a retrovirus -Contains an enzyme called reverse transcriptase (converts RNA into DNA) -Viruses replicate inside cells.

Replication of HIV inside your cells Structure of the human immunodeficienc y virus (HIV) and its replication in helper T cells. How HIV causes the symptoms of AIDS. Why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. The use of antibodies in the ELISA test. What cells does the HIV target? Why does it target these more than other cells? When bound to this cell, what happens next? What is the role of reverse transcriptase? How does the virus use the cell to make more copies of itself?

How HIV can lead to AIDS The HIV virus will deactivate/kill Helper T Cells. B cells and Killer T cells cant be activated and phagocytosis is not as rapid as it could be. This means your immune system cannot initiate a full response to secondary infections. Most AIDS sufferers develop simple infections in the lungs, intestines, brain and eyes but cannot launch a response against the pathogens responsible. HIV does not kill sufferers, it leaves them open to opportunistic infections. Structure of the human immunodeficienc y virus (HIV) and its replication in helper T cells. How HIV causes the symptoms of AIDS. Why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. The use of antibodies in the ELISA test.

Why do antibiotics not work? Antibiotics only work against Bacterial cells and Fungal Cells. Viruses have the ability to replicate inside human cells and so antibiotics cannot effect them without first damaging our own cells. Antibiotics are effective because they break down the bacterial cell wall (made of peptidoglycan). This allows water to enter the cell and bursts it by lysis. Viruses and animal cells do not have a cell wall made of this so cannot be damaged this way. Structure of the human immunodeficienc y virus (HIV) and its replication in helper T cells. How HIV causes the symptoms of AIDS. Why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. The use of antibodies in the ELISA test.

ELISA – detecting HIV Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbant Assay/ Can help you detect the presence of antigens and how many antigens. HW: Research ELISA and write a step by step process to explain how it can be used to detect antigens/pathogens. Use diagrams. Structure of the human immunodeficienc y virus (HIV) and its replication in helper T cells. How HIV causes the symptoms of AIDS. Why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. The use of antibodies in the ELISA test.