Politics of the 1920s

Harding Administration ★ Campaigned on a “return to normalcy” ​ ★ Charming, easy going ​ ★ Won the presidency in 1920 ​

Scandals while in office ★ “Ohio Gang”: Harding’s friends whom he gave cabinet posts ​ ★ Smoked, drank, poker playing ​ ★ Forbes Scandal: ​ ★ Sold medical supplies for private profit ​ ★ Cost taxpayers $250 million

Teapot dome scandal The scandal: ​ ★ Sec of Interior, Albert Fall allowed private interests to lease land containing US Navy oil reserves ​ ○ In Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, California ​ ★ Fall received $300,000 in bribes ​ ★ 1929: Fall convicted and sent to prison ​ ★ Leases were invalidated

Other Scandals ★ Attorney General Harry Daugherty caught with bribery funds in his bank account ​ ★ Refused to turn over records or testify ​ ★ Forced to resign ​ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1923: President Harding dies (heart attack) and Calvin Coolidge takes over ​

Silent Film - Harding’s Funeral procession

Silent Cal Calvin Coolidge takes the Presidency. ★ Believed prosperity=business leadership ​ ○Role of government was to stay out of businesses’ way ​ ○Limit government interference in all aspects of business ​ ★ Avoided the scandals of his predecessor ​ Fun facts about Calvin Coolidge:

Policies of Prosperity Andrew Mellon: Secretary of the Treasury ​ ★ Chief architect of economic policy ​ Goals: ​ ★ Balance the budget ​ ★ Reduce the government’s debt ​ ★ Cut taxes ​ Believed government should operate on business principles

Policies of Prosperity Mellon’s Policies: ​ Cut spending from $6.4 billion to under $3 billion ​ Cut taxes ​ Supply-side economics: lower taxes mean businesses and consumers are more profitable and able to invest/spend ​

Policies of Prosperity ★ Secretary of Commerce: Herbert Hoover ​ ★ Cooperative Individualism: encouraging businesses to form trade associations that would voluntarily share information with the federal government ★ Goal: to reduce costs and promote efficiency ​ ★ Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce ​ ★ Goal: to find new markets for companies ​ ★ Established the Bureau of Aviation and the Federal Radio Commission ​

Trade and arms control ★ Pre WWI US: ​ ★ Debtor nation ​ ★ Post WWI US: ​ ★ World power ​ ★ Allies owed US $10 billion

Myth of Isolationism Isolationist Policies: ​ ★ US did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles ​ ★ US did not join the League of Nations ​ ★ US did not join the World Court ​ Reality: ​ ★ US was interconnected to other nations through trade

the dawes plan 1924: US negotiated deal with France, GB, and Germany ​ ★ Germany could borrow money from US banks to pay reparations to France and GB ​ ★ Germany would pay fewer reparations ​ Visual aid of the Dawes Plan:

The washington conference Purpose: To discuss disarmament and scale down the naval arms race ​ GB, France, Italy, China, Japan, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Portugal ​ Proposal: ​ 10 year halt on construction of new warships ​ List of ships to be destroyed ​

the result of the conference... Five Power Naval Limitation Treaty: GB, France, Italy, Japan, and US followed proposal ​ Did nothing to limit land forces ​

Kellogg-Briand pact August 27, 1928: US and 14 nations signed the pact, outlawing war ​ ★ Hailed as a victory for peace ​ ★ Abandon war and settle disputes peacefully ​ “When the World Outlawed War” -- quick look into the Kellogg-Briand Pact

Section 1 review On page 595 in your book, please complete the section 1 review. Use detail and complete sentences to answer each question. You may look back into the chapter if need be! #8 should have a minimum of three paragraphs and should be set up like a proper letter. This will be collected!