Experiment Proposals due Th 2/10
Four types of molecules that are primarily found in living systems (biomolecules): Carbohydrates/ Sugars Nucleotides- DNA/RNA Amino Acids- Proteins Lipids- fats/phospholipids
CB 6.2 Relative sizes of cells, organelles, and biomolecules.
Biomolecules contain many carbon atoms CB 4.5
Biomolecules contain many carbon atoms CB 4.5
CB 4.10 Combinations of different other atoms change the characteristics of the biomolecule.
Four types of molecules that are primarily found in living systems (biomolecules): Carbohydrates/ Sugars Nucleotides- DNA/RNA Amino Acids- Proteins Lipids- fats/phospholipids
CB 5.7 Carbohydrates- rings of carbon with oxygen
Carb’s- provide energy and structural support CB 5.8
CB 5.27 Nucleotides- rings of carbon and nitrogen
CB 5.27 Different bases combine on the sugar/phosphate backbone to store information...
CB 16.7 too big too small just right Ionic bond Certain nucleotide bases pair with each other AA TT TA
Chains of DNA can store information:
Information flow in cells Protein CB 5.26
CB 5.17 The basic structure of amino acids
CB 5.17 the 20 Amino Acids
Amino acids connect together to make proteins. CB 5.21
Proteins are the “doers” of the cell. They act as: Enzymes Structural Support Transporters Signals
CB 5.13 Lipids and Fats- membranes/energy storage Polar/ Hydrophilic head Non-polar/ Hydrophobic tail
CB 7.2 The dual nature of lipids, polar and non-polar, allow lipids to form membranes. non-polar polar
CB 7.2 The dual nature of lipids, polar and non-polar, allow lipids to form membranes.
CB 5.14 Lipids form membranes
CB 6.9 Membranes divide inside from outside, and subdivide the cell into organelles
CB 7.7 Membranes have associated proteins
CB 5.14 Are membranes solid or fluid?
CB 7.6 Testing membrane fluidity
CB 7.5 Membrane phospholipids are in constant motion
CB 7.5 Too much movement can lead to leaks Too little movement can lead solidification and leaks
CB 7.5 In cold temperatures cells can increase unsaturated lipids, increasing disorder In hot temperatures cells can increase the number of saturated lipids, decreasing disorder coldhot
CB 5.12 Saturated lipidUnsaturated lipid
CB 7.5 In cold temperatures cells can increase unsaturated lipids, increasing disorder In hot temperatures cells can increase the number of saturated lipids, decreasing disorder coldhot
Cholesterol fits between phospholipids- maintaining fluidity AND reducing disorder.
Four types of molecules that are primarily found in living systems (biomolecules): Carbohydrates/ Sugars Nucleotides- DNA/RNA Amino Acids- Proteins Lipids- fats/phospholipids
Information flow in cells Protein CB 5.26
Next: How to get from DNA to proteins?