3.2 – Carbs, Lipids, and Proteins

Element/Water Warm Up QUIZ Next Class Name the 4 most occurring elements in living things What is the function of sulfer? What is the function of sodium? Name and describe the 3 properties of water.

Carb, Lipid, Protein Pre-assessment C6H12O6 – organic or inorganic CO2 – organic or inorganic H2O – organic or inorganic Organic compound made of amino acids = ____________ Organic compound made of monosaccharides = _______ Fats and oils are which organic compound = _________ Identify:

Organic vs Inorganic Compounds Molecules are either organic or inorganic All organic molecules contain Carbon, but not everything with C is organic –Ex: Carbon dioxide is NOT organic We will discuss the following organic molecules: –Carb and monosaccharides –Lipids and fatty acids/glycerol –Proteins and amino acids –Nucleic Acids and nucleotides

Proteins are made of Amino Acids Structure to Know: d.com/health_centers/ wellness/nutrition_prot ein/amino_acidshttp:// d.com/health_centers/ wellness/nutrition_prot ein/amino_acids AAs com/health_centers/wel lness/nutrition_protein/ what_are_proteins_vid eohttp:// com/health_centers/wel lness/nutrition_protein/ what_are_proteins_vid eo protein

Carbohydrate Class Activity Each team/group will be assigned one oranic molecule to research. On your paper you need to state the name, type of organic molecule (mono/di/poly), the function of it, and its role in plants or animals. You may use the textbook or computers. Ten minutes and then post on the wall. Everyone will present their findings to the class and you will record the information in your notes so make your poster NEAT and COLORFUL. 1.Glucose 2. lactose 3. glyocogen 4. fructose 5. Galactose 6. maltose 7. sucrose 8. starch 9. Cellulose 10. ribose

To Review: Type of CarbohydrateExample Molecules MonosaccharidesGlucose, galactose, fructose, ribose DisaccharidesMaltose, lactose, sucrose PolysaccharidesStarch, glycogen, cellulose

To Review: MoleculeRole in Plants or Animals GlucoseChemical fuel for cell respiration in both plants and animals LactoseMilk sugar to provide nutrients to mammal young GlycogenTo be the stored form of glucose in your liver and muscle cells (short term energy) FructoseProvide nutrients to plants SucroseUsed to transport and store energy in plants CellulosePrimary component of plant cell walls

Structures to Know: GlucoseRibose Fatty acids

Hydrolysis Reactions Humans eat food, but our digestive system (with enzymes) breaks food down into its smallest molecules so that our bodies can transport them to where they are needed Enzymes that break down polymers into monomers are hydrolyzing enzymes: –Ex: lactose + water  glucose + galactose –Ex: starch + water(many)  glucose(many) –Ex: triglyceride + 3 water  glycerol + 3 fatty acids –Ex: protein + water(many)  amino acids(many)

Hydrolysis Reactions

Condensation/Dehydration Reactions Condensation reactions –occur to re-form the larger molecules –water is a product rather than a reactant –require a different enzyme, one that is capable of building covalent bonds rather than breaking them –Ex: glucose + galactose  lactose + water –Ex: glucose (many)  starch + water (many) –Ex: glycerol + 3 fatty acids  triglyceride + 3 water –Ex: amino acids (many)  protein + water (many)

Lipids Solid lipids are fats, liquids are oils Role of Lipids: 1. If you eat more than you burn, your body stores fat for long-term in adipose cells; these cells swell or shrink depending on amount of fat stored Compared to carbs, an equal mass of a lipid can store twice as much energy…carbs used for short-term energy storage

Lipids Role of Lipids: 2. To provide thermal insulation ex: fat (blubber) of cold-climate animals used to keep them warm; ~30% of a seal’s body mass is blubber

Lipids Role of Lipids: 3. Phospholipids make up the cell membrane

Carbohydrates and Lipids Carbohydrates – for short term energy storage Lipids – store fat for long term energy; can contain twice as much energy as a carbohydrate molecule