Chapter 4 Sections 3 and 4 Fighting the American Revolution

Objectives Trace the progress of the war through the turning point of Saratoga and winter at Valley Forge. Examine the colonial economy and civilian life during the American Revolution. List the war contributions of European allies. Examine the Revolution in the Southern colonies. Explain the British surrender at Yorktown. Describe the symbolic value of the American Revolution.

What happened at the Battle of New York? August British took New York City. Many Loyalists in New York Washington’s army was poorly equipped and had to retreat to Pennsylvania.

What happened at the Battle of Trenton? Christmas night Washington and his army attacked a group of Hessian soldiers who had been partying all night. 1,000 British and Hessian (German) soldiers were captured. Boosted troop morale and many of the Continental Army signed on for another year.

What happened at the Battle of Philadelphia? After Trenton, Washington and his men tried to retake Philadelphia. The British won and retained Philadelphia.

Why was the Battle of Saratoga the turning point of the American Revolution? Fought in New York (1777) The Continental Army proved they could defeat the British. With this victory, France financial and military support to the American colonies. Ben Franklin helped to negotiate an alliance with France.

What happened at Valley Forge? Washington and his troops spent the winter at Valley Forge, PA. Over 2,000 soldiers died from hunger or frostbite. Most soldiers died from disease, starvation, or cold rather than battle wounds.

How did the war affect American society? Economy suffered (printed money with no backing causing inflation- rise in the price of goods) Struggle for supplies Profiteering- selling weapons and goods at a high price. Women had to run homes and businesses. Many African Americans fought to escape slavery.

What help did the Europeans offer? Friedrich von Steuben- Prussian officer and drillmaster trained American troops. Marquis de Lafayette- Frenchman who helped Washington and his army.

Why did the British forces move South? Summer of 1778 the British moved to the South because of more Loyalist support. The British led by Cornwallis took Savannah, GA and Charles Town SC. General Greene of the Continental Army defeated the British at Cowpens.

How did the American forces win at Yorktown (1781)? American and French forces blockaded the British led by Cornwallis. This caused the British to surrender and was the final battle of the war.

What were the peace terms to end the American Revolution? John Adams, Ben Franklin, and John Jay were sent to Paris to negotiate the peace. Treaty of Paris(1783)- U.S. became an independent nation, Britain gave up all land claims in America.

What did the Revolution mean to citizens? Brought all classes of people fought together for a cause. Egalitarianism- belief in the equality of all people. People should be valued for ability and effort (not wealth). Applied only to white males.

Objectives Trace the progress of the war through the turning point of Saratoga and winter at Valley Forge. Examine the colonial economy and civilian life during the American Revolution. List the war contributions of European allies. Examine the Revolution in the Southern colonies. Explain the British surrender at Yorktown. Describe the symbolic value of the American Revolution.