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 recombinant DNA – fragment of DNA composed of sequences originating from at least two different sources  genetic transformation - introduction and expression of foreign DNA in a living organism

 Usually palindromic (reads the same forwards as backwards)  Or the same 5’ to 3’ Sticky Ends Blunt Ends

 Combine DNA samples with restriction enzyme  Restriction enzyme binds to DNA sample  DNA is “cut”  Combine DNA of interest  Add DNA ligase  RESULT: recombinant DNA

 Transgenic - a cell or an organism that is transformed by DNA from another species (foreign DNA in its genome)  Plasmid - a small double- stranded circular DNA molecule found in some bacteria

1. Plasmid 2. Add restriction enzyme (endonuclease) 3. Add gene 4. Add DNA ligase (recombinant DNA) 5. Add plasmid to bacteria 6. EXPRESSION OF GENE