SCIENCE STARTER Make a list of at least 3 reasons why cells may need energy. Remember that there are many different types of cells!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS SPI (Photosynthesis and Respiration)

A few terms to remember before we begin ◦ Brainpop Brainpop O2= chemical formula for Oxygen, what we breathe in and plants breathe out CO2=chemical formula for Carbon Dioxide, What we breathe out when we exhale and plants breathe in C6H12O6- chemical formula for Glucose, also known as sugar… not the kind you eat. The kind that gives plants energy! ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate also known as Energy!

How Energy is Obtained By Living Things. ◦ Nearly all of the energy that fuels life comes from the sun. Plants capture energy from the sun and change it into food. ◦ The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food is called photosynthesis. ◦ The food that plants make supplies them with energy. This food also becomes a source of energy for the organisms that eat the plants

Energy from the Sun Autotrophs: Organisms that manufacture their own food by Photosynthesis. (plants) Organisms that cannot make its own food are called a heterotrophs. Heterotrophs obtain food by eating other organisms.

Photosynthesis ◦ The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar.

Photosynthesis ◦ Plant cells have an organelle called chloroplast that contain a pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll gives plants their green colors and also help to absorb sunlight

◦ Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts!! Chlorophyll is a fluid found in the chloroplasts that absorb light from the sun

◦ Plants use solar energy captured by chlorophyll to change carbon dioxide and water into sugar. ◦ This sugar is then used as energy by plant’s cells.

How Photosynthesis Works ◦ Photosynthesis is a complex process. ◦ Plants use the energy of the sun to convert carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) into oxygen (O 2 ) and sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) ◦ Photosynthesis is a two stage process ◦ Like baking a cake: ◦ Stage 1: Combine the ingredients to make the batter ◦ Stage 2: Bake the Batter

Photosynthesis Equation Here’s a trick to help you remember: Can William Eat Giant Oreos?

Photosynthesis Glucose(sugar) and Oxygen SunlightWater Carbon Dioxide

#1

Chloroplast from the plant cells capture energy from sunlight.

Chloroplast from the plant cells capture energy from sunlight. #2

Captured light energy is used to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide

Chloroplast from the plant cells capture energy from sunlight. Captured light energy is used to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide #3

Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through openings called stomata

Chloroplast from the plant cells capture energy from sunlight. Captured light energy is used to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through openings called stomata #4

Water enters the plant through roots and moves upward to the leaf

Chloroplast from the plant cells capture energy from sunlight. Captured light energy is used to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through openings called stomata Water enters the plant through roots and moves upward to the leaf #5

Sugars produced are used by the plant cells for energy

Chloroplast from the plant cells capture energy from sunlight. Captured light energy is used to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through openings called stomata Water enters the plant through roots and moves upward to the leaf Sugars produced are used by the plant cells for energy #6

Oxygen exits through stomatoa on the underside of the leaf

Chloroplast from the plant cells capture energy from sunlight. Captured light energy is used to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through openings called stomata Water enters the plant through roots and moves upward to the leaf Sugars produced are used by the plant cells for energy Oxygen exits through stomatoa on the underside of the leaf #7

Chloroplast from the plant cells capture energy from sunlight. Captured light energy is used to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through openings called stomata Water enters the plant through roots and moves upward to the leaf Sugars produced are used by the plant cells for energy Oxygen exits through stomatoa on the underside of the leaf 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Light energy

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Light Energy 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O The Photosynthesis Chemical Equation

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon Dioxide

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Water

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Sugar (glucose)

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Oxygen

SCIENCE STARTER Write out the chemical formula for photosynthesis then describe why photosynthesis is important.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION SPI (Exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen)

Lets review what we learned yesterday! Pay close attention, you will be having a quiz at the end of class

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Light Energy 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O The Photosynthesis Chemical Equation

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6 molecules of Carbon Dioxide

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6 molecules of Water

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Sugar (glucose)

6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Oxygen

What is Cellular Respiration? ◦ The process by which cells use oxygen to break down sugar to form energy. ◦ Brainpop Brainpop

◦ Cellular respiration happens in the MITOCHONDRIA!!

Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration: ◦ Here’s a trick to help you remember: ◦ Giant Oreos Come With Apple Sauce

Cellular Respiration Carbon Dioxide+ Water+ ATP(energy) OxygenGlucose

Reactants and products ◦ Reactants What’s needed before the reaction can begin (what do you need to make a cake?) ◦ Products End result of reaction (what comes out of the oven?)

what are the reactants for photosynthesis?

what are the products for photosynthesis?

what are the reactants for respiration?

what are the products of respiration?

Quiz time!

1. Which of the following organelles does photosynthesis take place? ◦ A. Chloroplast ◦ B. Ribosome ◦ C. Vacuole ◦ D. Mitochondria

2. The equation below illustrates the reaction that occurs in chloroplast during photosynthesis What is the product of photosynthesis? A. carbon Dioxide and glucose B. Water and glucose C. Sunlight and glucose D. Oxygen and glucose

3. Chloroplasts are found only in organisms that are able to A. hunt for prey B. generate their own food C. grow to a larger size D. migrate to other ecosystems

4. Which chemical compounds are the reactants of photosynthesis and products of cellular respiration? ◦ A. water (H2O) and glucose (C6H12O6) ◦ B. oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) ◦ C. glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) ◦ D. carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)

5. Which of these equations best shows the reactants and products of cellular respiration? ◦ A. carbon dioxide + water  sugar + oxygen ◦ B. water + oxygen  sugar + carbon dioxide+ATP ◦ C. sugar + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water+ATP ◦ D. sugar + carbon dioxide  oxygen + water