The War’s End and Impact AMERICAN HISTORY

Goals Students will be able to: ◦Review the causes and consequences of the Civil War ◦Distinguish the freedoms guaranteed in the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments. Terms to Know: ◦Thirteenth Amendment, Matthew Brady, John Wilkes Booth, Land Grant College Act

The Petersburg Siege In March of 1865, Grant placed the city of Petersburg under siege ◦It was here where Lee attempted to defend the city, but as his troops suffered under the conditions of the attack, Grant’s forces continued to swell ◦After Lee retreated from the city, he attempted to join other Confederate forces, but due to lack of food, resources, and due to constant harassment from Union Force, Lee was forced to surrender ◦The Confederate surrender took place on April 9 th 1865, at Appomattox Court House ◦The remainder of Confederate troops did not fully surrender until June of 1865

The 13 th Amendment As the war was drawing to a close, Lincoln began to look the future of the country ◦Lincoln was instrumental in pursuing the ratification of an amendment to the Constitution that would completely end slavery in the United States ◦While he was unable to see the amendment ratified before his death, the 13 th amendment was formally ratified in December of 1865 While working on the passage of the 13 th Amendment, Lincoln also formulated his plan for how the rebel southern states would be readmitted into the Union ◦Lincoln favored a plan that would allow a peaceful reunification of the country that would minimize the amount of blame and demand for reparations placed upon the South

Standards Check What freedom did the 13 th Amendment guarantee?

Lincoln is Assassinated On April 14 th, 1865, just days after Robert E. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated while attending a play entitled Our American Cousin ◦John Wilkes Booth was the man who fired the shot into Lincoln’s head ◦After the shot was fired, Booth yelled Sic Semper Tyrannis, or Thus ever to tyrants. ◦After running for two weeks, Booth was killed after Union troops set fire to the barn that he was hiding in

Why the North Won The North was able to snatch victory from a well lead army, due in large part to the technological superiority of their factories ◦The North also held a far greater population and had a greater abundance of resources that allowed them to create the necessary tools of war ◦Victory was also aided by military leaders like Grant and Sherman, who largely stepped out of normal military procedure in order to ensure that the North would emerge from the conflict victorious The Emancipation Proclamation was also another major milestone that helped ensure Union victory ◦While the proclamation had very little real impact on slavery, it did however put slavery into great focus during this conflict ◦This greater focus on slavery prevented the CSA from gaining European Allies, as Europe had already largely made the practice of slavery illegal

The Impact of Photography Photography was a very new medium as the Civil War began ◦This is the first conflict that could be documented through pictorial evidence, allowing everyday citizens to see the carnage of war while also providing a visual record of what took place during this enormous conflict The photography of Matthew Brady helped show the impact of war and how it affected soldiers on a daily basis

The Wars Impact on the Economy After the war ended, the North continued to grow economically ◦This was largely buoyed by the 1862 Bill entitled the Land Grant College Act ◦This act gave money from the sale of public lands to states, for the establishment of Universities that taught agriculture and mechanical arts ◦The tariff protected northern industry from foreign completion and raised revenue for the Union ◦After the war ended, this law helped the North rapidly industrialize The South however had an extremely difficult time rebuilding their society ◦This was largely due to much of the South being destroyed by the ravages of war ◦This put the South in a position where they had to rely on Northern investment in order to began rebuilding the cities that had been destroyed by Grant and Sherman

The Wars Impact on Society The war had a great impact on southern society ◦Many roamed throughout the South lamenting their defeat and wondering what they had done to incur God’s scorn ◦Others felt that the Southern cause was noble, and that they would one day have the opportunity to redeem themselves African Americans, now free from the bondage of slavery, were now put in a position to try and find their place within society ◦Many former slaves did not leave the plantation, and continued to work as sharecroppers ◦Others fled west seeking to take advantage of the Homestead Act ◦Despite a new found freedom guaranteed by the 13 th Amendment, freedom and equality were hard to come by throughout the entire United States

Standards Check Using information from this presentation, describe what consequences arose from the Civil War.