By: Ms. R’s 1 st hour

When you think mathematicians you think, Albert Einstein. You forget the minority of mathematicians out there. There have been many women mathematicians' in our time. My class has picked four women to celebrate in this presentation. The women changed the way we do math today.

Florence Nightingale ( ) Was tutored in Italian, Latin, Greek, history, philosophy, and mathematics. In 1854, was recruited along with 38 other nurses for service in Scutari during the Crimean War. Collected data and organized record-keeping practices. Took her statistical data & showed them graphically. She invented the polar-area charts (pie charts), where the statistic being represented is proportional to the area of the wedge in a circular diagram.

Amalie Emmy Noether She discovered abstract algebra She is also known for discovering theoretical physics Noether’s theory of physics explains the fundamental connection between symmetry and conservation laws She revolutionized the theories of rings, fields, and algebras March 23, April 14, 1935

Mary Lucy Cartwright ( ) Attended St. Hugh’s College in Oxford where she studied mathematics for 2 years. The thesis on the zeros of integral functions of special types. She forced nonlinear oscillations (covering both ordinary differential equations and discrete mapping.) Anticipated some of the geometrical ideas that are fundamental to chaotic dynamics.

Alice Roth Alice Roth attended, Höhere Töchterschule der Stadt Zürich, as well as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. What led to the contribution was when Alice was researching for her thesis she found a debate about approximation, and wanted to further prove this debate. Her actual contribution was when she discovered the Approximation Theory. Or the “Swiss Cheese” theory, which is trying to find a way to prove how to round irrational numbers. The result of the Approximation Theory was she opened a new window and many mathematicians are able to help further discover more today. Date of Birth: February 6, 1905 Date of Death: July 22, 1977

Fan Chung: Ramsey Theory Date of Birth: October 9,1949 -? Ramsey Theory Explains the number of possibilities in a given set of numbers. EXAMPLE:Party Problem -If an R (m,n) number of people attend a party, what is the possibility that by grouping them into groups of two, an m number of people will be strangers and an n number of people will be acquaintances? Here, R (m,n) is a Ramsey number. She got her B.S. in 1970, her M.S. in 1972, and her Ph.D. in 1974, and she graduated in the class of 1975 from the University of Pennsylvania. She received a Mathematical Association of America Allendoerfer Award for her excerpt, “Steiner Trees on a Checkerboard in 1990.” Fan Chung is a Professor of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering. She is an Akamai Professor in Internet Mathematics at the University of California in San Diego.

CREDITS Florence Nightingale: Will and Daniel Amalie Emmy Noether: Benny and Manuel Mary Lucy Cartwright: Mercedes and Kiyanna Alice Roth: Abby and Kristen Fan Chung: Alexia, Lizeth and Daisy Team Leader: Kristen Song(s): Jump Around by House of Pain South Hampton by James Horner I hope you enjoyed the power point! Also thanks for your cooperation and, help when ever needed, in class guys!

References Florence Nightingale Amalie Emmy Noether Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright Alice Roth References: Fan Chung