Georgia Studies Unit 6: The New South Lesson 3: Georgia and the Great War Study Presentation

Lesson 3: Georgia and the Great War ESSENTIAL QUESTION : –What were Georgia’s contributions to World War I? –How did World War I impact Georgia?

“The War to End All Wars”????

Causes of WWI Indirect –Alliances –Nationalism –Arms Build-up –Imperialism Direct Causes –The assassination of Archduke Franz- Ferdinand –Unrestricted submarine/U-boat warfare

1.Alliance System- some countries becoming allies 2.Arms Build Up- getting more weapons/build up 3.Nationalism- being proud of your country All Roads Lead to War

Pre-WWI Alliances Triple Alliance –Germany –Austria-Hungary –Italy Triple Entente –Russia –France –Great Britain

By 1914: –Germany had the second largest navy - behind Britain –Had pushed Britain closer to France and Russia –Had wasted considerable money because the fleet was bottled up for most of the war –If those resources had gone to the army Germany would have won the war –1890 German army was 20,000 –1913 German army was 800,000

Weapons of the Great War 1. Gun chiefly used as a psychological weapon Bayonet 2. Usually not thought of as a weapon; used to separate the trenches and no-man’s land Barbed Wire 3. Scary combination of fuel and fire creating 'sheets of flame‘; terrorized the British in 1915 Flamethrower 4. Ancient weapon adopted in the trenches; used to lob shells into the enemies trench Mortars

1. Bayonet

2. Barbed Wire

3. Flamethrowers

4. Mortars

Weapons of the Great War 5. Quick-loading, and if water-cooled could continually fire on the enemy Machine Gun 6. First used by the French and popularized by the Germans; used to kill or incapacitate large numbers of enemy troops Mustard/Poison Gas 7. Invented by British to break through the trenches while being protected by enemy fire Tanks 8. Mammoth airships used by Germans to spy on and bomb the enemy Zeppelins 9.Originally used for observation; later in war “dogfights” occurred Airplanes (Bi-Planes)

5. Machine Gun

6. Poison and Mustard Gas

7. Tanks

8. Zeppelins

9. Airplanes

1900 there were 25 sovereign states in Europe –Each nation believed it should have its own state –None would admit to a higher authority –Patriotic literature motivated people “my country, right or wrong” –Alliances created states less willing to compromise European Nationalism

Causes of World War I On June 28, 1914, an assassin gunned down Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary believed that Serbia's government was behind the assassination. When the fighting began, France, Russia, and Great Britain backed Serbia. They opposed the Central Powers, made up of Austria-Hungary and Germany. Austria-Hungary seized the opportunity to declare war on Serbia and settle an old feud.

World War I Allied Powers Leading Countries Central Powers Leading Countries France Great Britain Russia (United States joined in 1917) Germany Austria-Hungary President Woodrow Wilson declared the US would be neutral until 1917.

 Austria declared war on Serbia  Russia mobilized troops against Austria – Was determined to support Serbia  Russia declares war against the Austria-Hungary  Austria mobilized against Russia  Germany declares war on Russia, France, invades neutral Belgium  Most Europeans believed it would be a short and decisive war The War Begins

The United States Enters the War President Wilson worked to keep the US out of the war 1915: German submarine sank passenger ship Lusitania killing 128 Americans 1917: sub attacks resumed sinking American cargo ships Zimmerman telegram: Germany tried to get Mexico to attack the US Wilson finally joined the Allied powers

The Zimmerman Telegram

World War I in Europe

Czar Nicholas abdicates and government falls in Russia In December, new Russian government signs armistice with Germany

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Ended war for Russia –Forced by the liberals in Russia –Bolsheviks gain power Russia loses: –Poland, Ukraine, Finland, Baltic Provinces – –34% of Russia’s population –89% coal mines –32% farmland –54% industry

U.S. troops began to arrive in June, 1917 British and U.S. navies combined forces, and formed convoys to counter U-boats The combined forces stop German advances, heavy casualties to the 270,000 U.S. troops By end of summer, over 1 million Americans are in Europe

Georgia and World War I ±100,000 Georgians volunteered to join the US armed forces Training in Georgia at Camp Benning, Fort McPherson, Camp Gordon, and Camp Hancock helped Georgia’s economy Georgians contributed manufactured goods and farm produce 3,000 young Georgians killed in the war On November 11, 1918, Germany surrendered ending what President Wilson called “the war to end all wars”

Georgia’s Contributions to World War I Farmers grew more crops, tobacco, and livestock. Towns grew “victory gardens”.

Georgia’s Contributions to WWI Women volunteered for the Red CrossSewing circles, war bonds

Georgia’s Contributions Railroads transported arms, ammunition and soldiers to military posts and ports.

Georgia’s Contributions to WWI Textile mills made fabric for military uniforms.

Georgia Home to more training camps that any other state! Camp Benning (Columbus)- training infantry troops. Fort McPherson (Atlanta)- housed German sub crew prisoners. Camp Hancock (Augusta)- National Guard training camp. Camp Gordon (Chamblee)- military training site, home of 82 Airborne division.

End of WWI Treaty of Versailles: Germany had to accept blame for WWI and pay $33 billion in war reparations.

Allies wanted to punish Germany Treaty included: –Allies would occupy Germany for 15 years –Germany had to renounce the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk –Germany lost her colonies and France regained Alsace-Lorraine –Germany had to pay for the damage done President Wilson wanted to prevent future wars –Came up with diplomatic way to end future disagreements Germany takes the Blame