What is Marine Science? The study of living organisms and their relationship to the physical, chemical and geological nature of the ocean.

Two Main Divisions  Marine Biology Living organisms’ taxa Characteristics of growth Food web interactions  Sub Groups Veterinary medicine Resource management Aquaculture Education Behavior/psychology  Oceanography Tides, waves, currents Ocean floor geology Water chemistry  Sub Groups Engineering Archeology Military Meteorology Energy management

Professional Opportunities  Education  Pollution Control  International Policy of the Sea  Environmental Law  Ocean engineering  World Trade – Global Shipping  Mapping, Exploration, Research  Recreation

College Departments  Biology  Chemistry  Physics  Geology  Oceanic Engineering  Computer science All will train in ocean related fields.

Marine Careers  40 % all levels of government related fields, Military  40% academic or educational  20% private sector

History Learning from the Past

Oceanography and Marine Biology began as a necessity – not a science!

Minoans and Phoenicians used the Mediterranean for trade.

Greeks calculated the Earth’s size, shape and latitude lines.  Eratosthenes' Calculation of Earth's Circumference By comparing the shadow of the sun at Summer Solstice noon at Alexandria and Syrene, and knowing the distance between the two, he calculated the circumference of the earth to be 250,000 stadia (about 24,662 miles).

Vikings, led by Leif Erikson, colonized Iceland in 700 A.D. and North America by 100 A.D.

Arabs and Chinese  Developed the compass  Used earliest from of navigations  The Chinese developed rudders on Junks before the Europeans.

Polynesians  used stars to explore Micronesia in double hulled canoes.

Voyages of Columbus (1492) and Magellan (1522) began the “Age of Discovery”