Second Industrial Revolution:

Science Triumphs: “Second” IR  SIGNIFICANCE: 1) Impact of ideas and products wide spread 2) Optimism in human progress 3) Science = only way to truth  New Products Steel Chemicals Electricity Petroleum

Steel  = lighter, smaller, faster machines, engines, ships, railways, and weapons Chemicals France & Germany in lead artificial dyes revolutionize soap, textile, paper industries Photographic plates and film Chemical fertilizers

Electricity  Thermodynamics Sig: impacts heat, light, motion & communication  Michael Faraday – electromagnetism (electric engine)  Thomas Edison (AM) & Joseph Swan (GB) - electric lighting  Alexander Graham Bell (AM) – telephone, 1876  Guglielmo Marconi – radio waves across Atlantic, 1901  Electric Streetcar – Berlin, 1879  Factories – conveyor belts, cranes, machines

Petroleum  Internal combustion engine, 1878 (gas & air)  Gottlieb Daimler, 1886 – light engine Automobile – 1900=9000 cars; 1916=750,000 Henry Ford (AM) & mass production  1900 Zeppelin airship  1903 Wright Brothers WWI = boom in aircraft industry 1919 = 1 st commercial aircraft

Economic Zones by 1900  Industrialized Zone = GB, Belgium, Germany, France, Netherlands, Austro-Hungarian Empire (West), Italy (North) High standard of living, education, healthier, system of transportation  Agricultural Zone = Italy (south), Austro- Hungarian Empire (East), Spain, Portugal, Balkan kingdoms, Russia Providers of raw materials and food Decline in price of food makes farming difficult – large farms develop  By 1870 Russia and Japan begin industrialization  World economy = interdependency of goods & products