Mass Society and Democracy

Chapter 20.1

Compare and contrast the two main economic systems during the Second Industrial Revolution.

New Industrial Frontiers of the Second Industrial Revolution Electricity Electric Lights Streetcars and subways Conveyor belts, cranes machines in factories Steel Railroads, ships Weapons: lighter, smaller faster machines and engines Internal-combustion engine Ocean liners, airplanes, automobiles

 Alexander Graham Bell – telephone – 1876  Guglielmo Marconi – first radio waves – 1901  Thomas Edison – light bulb

Increased sales of manufactured goods Wages for workers increasing Prices for manufactured goods lower because of reduced transportation costs Department stores emerge Harding, Howell & Company’s Grand Fashionable Magazine 1796 Macy’s 1858 New York Walmart 1962

1.Industrialized Zones - Great Britain, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Germany, western part of Austro-Hungarian Empire and northern Italy made up an advanced industrial core. 2.Agricultural Zones– Austria-Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Balkan kingdoms, Russia (provided food and raw materials for industrial countries.

 By 1900 (beginning of 20 th century)  Steamship, railroads foster world economy  Argentina and Australia - beef and wool  Brazil – coffee  Algeria – iron ore  Java - sugar

 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels(1848) The Communist Manifesto ◦ Appalled at factories conditions ◦ Blamed system of industrial capitalism for the conditions ◦ Called for Marxist socialism => communism ◦ Oppressors (land owners) were abusing the oppressed (workers) ◦ Classes struggles  Bourgeoisie (middle class)  Proletariat (the working class)

 Marx felt that the struggle between the two groups would evidentially lead to an open revolution where the proletariat would violently overthrew the bourgeoisie  Then the proletariat would form a dictatorship (government in which a person or group has absolute power)  This in turn, he thought, would produce a classless society

 Socialist parties grew out of Marx’s idea ◦ German Social Democratic Party ◦ 1912 – 4 million votes ◦ Other parties grew also  Trade Unions ◦ Unions won right to strike in Great Britain in 1870s. ◦ 1900 – 2 million workers in Great Britain become a part of trade unions. ◦ 1914 – 4 million

 On a sheet of paper, compare and contrast the 2 main economic systems.

1 st Revolution Textiles, Railroads, iron, coal 2 nd Revolution Steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum, Both: New technologies, products, forms of transport- ation