1 A New Field of Research Art Poskanzer

2 Omnitron two rings, but not a collider conceived 1964 by Al, Bob Main, and Bob Smith; proposed 1966 not supported by Lab Director; not funded 1967; SuperHILAC

3 Bevalac Idea Al asks Frank Selph: March 1971 Memo by Al: same day Lofgren, McMillan, and Seaborg enthusiastic Conceptual Design: April 1971 Funding Start: July 1971 Funded: early 1972

4 Publication of the Bevalac Idea 1972 “would open a whole new field of theoretical and experimental science.”

5 Bevalac Transport Line 0.1 km

6 Bevalac Beam

7 First Operation Al First beam 2:55 a.m. August 1, 1974 Hermann Grunder

8 Uranium Beams Physics part edited by me and Bill Myers

9 LBL Attempts at Higher Energy Mini-Collider 1984VENUS 1979

10 Bevalac Experiments nuclear physics therapy

11 Move to CERN SPS 6 km

12 Big Tunnel

13 RHIC Layout BRAHMS PHOBOS PHENIX Long Island

14 RHIC BRAHMS PHOBOS PHENIX STAR AGS TANDEMS Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) 1 km animation by Mike Lisa 3 km

15 RHIC Experiments

16 STAR

17 RHIC More than 1,000 physicists from around the world

18 Large Hadron Collider at CERN 27 km

19 Alice at the LHC

20 ALICE 29 countries, 86 institutes, 1000 members

21 Spread of Collaborations Heike Joens

22 Conclusion Al’s idea has spawned a new field of physics involving many accelerators, detectors, and thousands of people worldwide Acknowledgments: Al Ghiorso and Cathy Westfall