Chapter 6: The Loyalists & Upper and Lower Canada.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 6: The Loyalists & Upper and Lower Canada

Loyalty  Honored to serve your country.  Keep your promises to them.  Remain dedicated and faithful to the country

TWO GROUPS  Patriots (Rebels)- were loyal to the 13 colonies. They wanted to separate from Britain to become the United States of America.  Tories (Loyalists)- wanted to remain loyal to Britain. Many Tories came to Quebec and Nova Scotia which were the British North American colonies at that time.

The Loyalists arriving in Nova Scotia

Struggles faced by Tories (Loyalists)  Many Tories came to Quebec and Nova Scotia as refuges during the Revolution.  Many were killed by Patriots or received a punishment called being “tarred and feathered”.  Many of their businesses were destroyed by Patriots or their homes taken from them.

A Changing British North America  The arrival of many Loyalists to British North America (Quebec and Nova Scotia) resulted in the creation of 2 new colonies.  New Brunswick was formed from a part of Nova Scotia.  Quebec split into two parts: Lower Canada (Quebec now) and Upper Canada (Ontario now).

Upper and Lower Canada

Did all Loyalists leave because they were Loyal to Britain? (Read pg. 103 for more ideas)  Some wanted to be neutral but were scared of the torment and abuse from the Patriots  Germans, Dutch, French, Iroquois and other’s living in 13 colonies hoped that the British would protect their cultures.  Some simply expected Britain to win the war and they wanted to be on the winning side of war.  British offered the black slaves their freedom for remaining loyal.

How many Loyalists fled to British North America?  It is estimated that approximately 100,000 Loyalists left the 13 colonies before, during, and after the Revolution.  In the Treaty of Paris 1783* (which ended the American Revolution) the Loyalists were told they would be paid back for their property that had been taken or destroyed. This did not happen so many left after the Revolution.  Some went back to Britain or to the West Indies but MANY (between 40,000 and 45,000) went to British North America!

Nova Scotia  Loyalists complained about their new home which they called ‘Nova Scarcity’ for its harsh winters and lack of food.  They settled in three major area’s: Halifax- which already had a British community set up. Halifax- which already had a British community set up. Shelburne- Loyalists set this city up. It was close to the sea with a large harbor. Shelburne- Loyalists set this city up. It was close to the sea with a large harbor. St. John River Valley- (later New Brunswick) St. John River Valley- (later New Brunswick)

Creation of New Brunswick  Loyalists felt they were too far away from the government capital in Halifax.  The Nova Scotia government agreed with them and soon after New Brunswick became its own colony with its own representative government.

What about Loyalists who fled to Quebec?  Many were crowded into refuge camps.  Governor Haldimand of Quebec was told to encourage the Loyalists to “go home” but he knew this would not happen so instead he gave them their own land as far away from the French speaking population as possible.

In Response  The loyalists needed supplies to build their new community and as a result they sent a petition (pg. 111) to governor Haldimand asking for supplies to be given to them.  Petition- document requesting support or a change of something. In this case it was a request directed to the government that described what the (Loyalists) wanted or needed. Many people (petitioner’s) would sign the document in order to show their support of the petition.