J EROME B RUNER, N EL N ODDINGS AND W ILLIAM B ENNETT A Presentation by: Logan Doddridge, Travis DePew, Ellen Emmerling, Corey Hallwachs, Kayla Narhuminti and Krista Walters

J EROME B RUNER

B IOGRAPHY Cofounder and director of the Center for Cognitive Studies Man: A Course of Study (MACOS) is a landmark in curriculum development Left Harvard in 1972 and taught at Oxford and returned to Harvard seven years later. Joined School for Social Research in New York City in 1981 Born in New York, in 1915 Educated at Duke University Received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1947 Became a professor of psychology

C ONTRIBUTIONS The concept of readiness to learn. He challenged the knowledge of cognitive development. He helped in Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. Introduced three forms of representation: Action, Icon, Symbols Today these forms are known as: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Wrote Process of Education Worked on a new curriculum for Social Studies Believed strongly that there wasn’t a timer on how children learn, it was instead based on how they responded to their environment.

N EL N ODDINGS Married for 60 years in 2009 Mother of 10 Taught in New Jersey Education system for 17 years Jacks Professor of Child Education Lee L. Jacks Professor of Education Emerita since retirement in 1998

W HAT DOES CARING HAVE TO DO WITH E DUCATION ? Education is… “a constellation of encounters, both planned & unplanned, that promote growth through the acquisition of knowledge, skills, understanding & appreciation.” Demonstrated the significance of caring and relationship as a fundamental aspect of education Education is central to create caring in society Every child should ‘live in a home that has at least adequate material resources and attentive love’ ‘Schools should include education for home life in their curriculum’

Education DialoguePracticeConfirmationModeling

W ILLIAM B ENNETT It is our character that supports the promise of our future - far more than particular government programs or policies. Biography o Born in Brooklyn in 1941 o Received his Ph.D in Political Philosophy from UT Austin Served as: o Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities o 3 rd Secretary of Education under Ronald Reagan from o Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (Drug Czar) under George H.W. Bush o Chairman of K12 – first online school serving grades K-12 o Hosts weekday radio program and is a political analyst for CNN.

“N O AMOUNT OF SPENDING WOULD SUBSTITUTE FOR THE INDISPENSABLE ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE SCHOOL : STRONG SCHOOL - BASED LEADERSHIP, HIGH EXPECTATIONS, UNEQUIVOCAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HOMEWORK AS WELL AS CLASS WORK, PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT, AND, MOST OF ALL, DISCIPLINE.” Essentialist educational philosophy Focus on reading and writing and basic literacy skills “every school should have it’s own library, each classroom should have it’s own reading corner and every student should have a public library card.” o Supported No Child Left Behind o Advocate for “back to basics” movement o Believes teachers should be held responsible for student learning

T HE 3 C’ S Content Recommended that the content taught needs to be strengthened and focused on mastering the basics Character “If we want our children to possess the traits of character we most admire, we need to teach them what those traits are and why they deserve both admiration and allegiance. Children must learn to identify the forms and content of those traits.” He promoted that teachers model character traits like: Honesty Self-discipline Compassion Responsibility Hard work Courage Faith Choice Parents should have the choice to send their students to any school they wish