Rutherford’s gold foil experimentsimulation Beam of alpha particles Fluorescent screen Thin gold foil.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nuclear Chemistry.

Advertisements

Nuclear Chemistry A Short Study.

Radioactive Decay. - Alpha Decay The emission of an particle from the nucleus of an atom is called alpha decay An alpha particle is just a helium nucleus.

Nuclear Physics. Outcomes What is the difference between alpha, beta and gamma radiation? What are the rules for writing equations of nuclear reactions?

My Chapter 29 Lecture.

Nuclear / Subatomic Physics Physics – Chapter 25 (Holt)

Nuclear Energy Radioactivity and Half-Life FissionFusion.

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay

Learning Targets I can name the force that holds the atom’s nucleus together I can describe the two reasons why some isotopes are radioactive. I can describe.

Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay. Radioactive Decay: Some unstable atoms try to regain stability by losing energy. They lose energy by emitting radiation.

1. Nucleons. Protons and neutrons 2. Nuclide

Lesson 2: It’s Greek to Me

Warm Up #2 Describe how the sun uses nuclear fusion for energy.

Discovery of Radiation Roentgen (1895) Discovered a mysterious form of radiation was given off even without electron beam. This radiation could pass through.

Nuclear Chemistry. Two main forces in nucleus  Strong nuclear force—all nuclear particles attract each other  Electric forces—protons repulse each other.

Isotopes and Nuclear Reactions

Alpha Decay. Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Beta Decay.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY QUIZ.

RADIOACTIVITY Radioactive Decay. T HE A TOM T YPES OF R ADIOACTIVE D ECAY T YPES OF R ADIOACTIVE D ECAY 1. Alpha Decay: The transmutation of and atom.

Nuclear Chemistry.

What is it to be Radioactive? Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles.

Nuclear Chemistry Types of Radiation Decay Equations.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. Discovery of Radiation Roentgen (1895) Discovered a mysterious form of radiation was given off even without electron beam. This radiation.

Isotopic Abundance Reminder: bring a calculator to class.

Unit 12 – Nuclear Chemistry. Part II Key Terms Alpha decay – spontaneous decay of a nucleus that emits a helium nucleus and energy Beta decay – spontaneous.

Alpha Decay A Helium- 4 nucleus (two protons and two neutrons). Is produced by nuclear fission Massive nucleus breaks apart into two less-massive nuclei.

Nuclear Chemistry The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons Multiple nuclei is.

Radioactive Decay Radioactivity results from having an unstable nucleus. When these nuclei lose energy and break apart, decay occurs. Radioactive decay.

Nuclear Radiation 9.2. The Nucleus Protons and neutrons Charge of electrons and protons – x C = e –Proton +e –Electron -e.

Gamma Decay. Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Beta Decay.

Radiation Radiation: The process of emitting energy in the form of waves or particles. Where does radiation come from? Radiation is generally produced.

Radioactive Decay Quick Review Atom made of 3 subatomic particles Protons (positive, inside nucleus) Protons (positive, inside nucleus) Electrons (negative,

Living By Chemistry SECOND EDITION Unit 1: ALCHEMY Matter, Atomic Structure, and Bonding.

Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons.

Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory 4.1 John Dalton – 18 th century All matter is composed of atoms All atoms of a given element are identical.

Nuclear Radiation Half-Life. What is Radiation? Penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source Result of a nuclear reaction! –Involves.

Nuclear Changes Thermodynamics.  Three Types:  1. Radioactive Decay- Atoms emit high energy particles and waves as they change into new less reactive.

Inorganic chemistry Assistance Lecturer Amjad Ahmed Jumaa Isotopes of uranium. Nuclear chemistry. Types of radiations. 1.

Nuclear Chemistry. RadioactivityRadioactivity  The spontaneous decomposition of a nucleus to form a different nucleus accompanied by a release of energy.

Atoms and Isotopes What are atoms, isotopes, and radioactive decay?

Nuclear Energy Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity.

Types of Radioactive Decay Kinetics of Decay Nuclear Transmutations

Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Chemistry looks at the number of protons and neutrons in an atom Radioactive Decay = Spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus.

Nuclear Chemistry. ATOMIC REVIEW: Atomic number = # of protons # of neutrons = mass # - atomic # protons & neutrons are in the nucleus.

Mass-Energy Equivalence All matter is a form of stored energy.

Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons.

NUCLEAR CHANGES What is Radioactivity?. What happens when an element undergoes radioactive decay? During radioactive decay an unstable nuclei of an isotope.

Nuclear Chemistry Fission Fission: Division of a heavy nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei. (Used in weapons and power plants)

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY SUROVIEC SPRING 2015 Chapter 19.

PHYSICS – The Nuclear Atom

Integrated Science Mr. Danckers Chapter 10.

Honors Physics Chapter 25: Subatomic Physics.  Nucleons  Protons and Neutrons that Make Up the Nucleus  Atomic Number (Z)  # of Protons  Atomic Mass.

Nuclear Reactions 1.To investigate the composition of gold foil using alpha particles (i.e. to explain the model of an atom).

Nuclear Chemistry. The study of reactions that take place in the nucleii of atoms.

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Radioactivity – spontaneous emission of radiation Radiation – rays and particles emitted from a radioactive material.

Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions PS-2.2: illustrate the fact that the elements exist as stable or unstable isotopes PS-2.6: compare fission and fusion.

CLICK HERE TO BEGIN! Directions: Click the term that correctly matches the definition in each question.

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay. Radioactivity (Radioactive decay) The process by which some substances spontaneously emit radiation. Radioactive.

A radioactive isotope is an atom that has a nucleus that is not stable (will change to form a nucleus of a different element). The process by which the.

Nuclear Reactions.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The Atom The atom consists of two parts:

Nuclear chemistry.

AKA Radioactive DECAY or NUCLEAR DECAY

AKA Radioactive DECAY or NUCLEAR DECAY

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 21.

Nuclear Fission and Fusion

Unit 4 – Nuclear Reactions

Key areas Nuclear equations to describe radioactive decay, fission and fusion reactions with reference to mass and energy equivalence including calculations.

Unit 4 – Nuclear Reactions

Presentation transcript:

Rutherford’s gold foil experimentsimulation Beam of alpha particles Fluorescent screen Thin gold foil

Rutherford’s Model of the Atom 1. The positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus. This is a very small part of the atom. 2. Almost all the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. 3. Most of the volume of the atom is empty space as 99% of the alpha particles go straight through.

Symbol for element Atomic number – the number of protons (this is also the number of electrons) Mass number – the number of nucleons ( protons + neutrons) U The atom

particle Electromagnetic wave Unstable nucleus Atoms which emit electromagnetic radiation or a particle by the spontaneous transformation of their nucleus are called radioactive.

Types of radiation Beta Particle (β) Gamma Ray (γ) - Alpha Particle (α)

Alpha particle is a helium nucleus. It has a positive charge. 4 2 He Beta particle is a fast moving electron. It has negative charge 0 e Gamma radiation is part of the electromagntic spectrum. No charge. neutron 1 0 n

Radioactive Decay U 4 2 He Th parent daughter Th 0 e + Pa Th 0 0 γ Has less energy

E = mc 2 Mass can be changed into energy and vice versa. Fission – when a large atom breaks into smaller atoms which have less total mass and so releases energy. Eg. 238 U  234 Th + 4 He + energy. How much energy is released? The mass of 238 U = x kg 234 Th = x kg 4 He = 6.64 x kg This is a spontaneous emission of an alpha particle

A stimulated fission, where a neutron makes a large atom unstable and it breaks into smaller atoms releasing energy. Eg. 239 Pu + 1 n  137 Te Mo n Fusion, where two small atoms join to become one larger atom with less mass. ( need very high pressures and temperatures for this to happen ie in the sun) Eg. 3 H + 2 H  4 He + 1 n 1120 Click here

Activity, A, number of decays per second, measured in Bequerels, Bq. A = N ÷ t Absorbed dose, D, the energy absorbed per unit mass, measured in Grays, Gy. D = E ÷ m Radiation weighting factor, w R, a measure of the biological effects of that type of radiation. Equivalent dose, H, the effect that the absorbed dose has on the tissue, measured in Sieverts,Sv H = Dw R Equivalent dose rate, H, the equivalent dose per unit time, measured in Svh -1 etc H = H ÷ t.. Average equivalent dose = 2mSv