An Era of Protest and Change Chapter 170

The Counterculture Chapter 17 section 1

The Rise of the Youth Movement Made up mostly of white middle-class college students Disillusioned with the Vietnam War and injustices during the 1960s Turned their backs on traditional American society

The Counterculture “Tune in, Turn on, Drop out” Members of counterculture called hippies Did not like materialism, technology, and war of American society

The Counterculture What did many youth attempt to create? An idyllic setting for peace, love, and harmony.

Hippie Culture Marked by rock-n-roll music, outrageous clothing, sexual freedom, and illegal drugs Who promoted LSD? Harvard Professor Timothy Leary

Hippie Culture Also rejected conventional home life and joined communes Where was the so called Hippie capitol? Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco

Decline in the Movement After only a few years, the counterculture’s peace and harmony gave way to violence and disillusionment List examples – Manson Family Murders – Altamont Raceway Concert

A Changing Culture Although short lived, some aspects of the counterculture left a more lasting imprint on the world. Art The 1960s saw a rise in pop art (popular art) Identify Andy Warhol Led to the rise of Pop-Art which shunned traditional painting and sculpture

Rock Music Beatles- the band that helped propel rock music into mainstream One example of rock’s popularity occurred august 1969 in a farm in upstate New York Woodstock

Changing Attitudes “Do your own thing” faded from the counterculture movement The prime example was sexual revolution

The Conservative Response In the late 1960s many people believed the country was losing its sense of right and wrong

Conservatives Attack Counterculture What were some of the arguments of conservatives? – Increase in divorces, drug uses- overall decay or morals in US society The angry response of mainstream Americans caused a profound change in the political landscape in US Conservative movement took hold

Women Fight for Equality Betty Friedman wrote a book, The Feminine Mystique, that talked about how many women were not satisfied with their place in society

New Women’s Movement Arises Feminism- the belief that women should have economic, political and social equality with men

Women in the Workplace Jobs available to women- mostly clerical, domestic service, retail sales, social work, teaching, and nursing paid poorly Were not paid the same of promoted as frequent

Women and Activism Ironically where were women discriminated in the 60s? – The Civil Rights and Anti-War Movement These experiences led women to organize themselves

The Women’s Movement Emerges The Feminine Mystique became a best seller and helped to galvanize women across the country- by the late 1960s women were working together for change

The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses The Creation of NOW – Betty Friedman created the National organization for women in 1966 to pursue women’s goals – Identify some of these goals – Equal opportunity at work and education – Creation of more childcare facilities

A Diverse Movement 175,000 women joined NOW in the first 3 years New York Radical Women demonstrated at the Miss America Pageant – Dressed up a sheep and declared it Miss America Gloria Steinem founded a liberal group that encourage women to seek political office

Legal and Social Change Excluding girls from male sports was questioned Gender discrimination in education was banned

Roe V. Wade NOW supported a woman’s choice to have an abortion The Supreme court agreed and made abortion legal in 1973

Equal Rights Amendment Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972 What did this amendment propose? Men and women would have complete equality under the Constitution. Who was Phyllis Schlafly? Conservative woman who successfully led the campaign to block the movement

New Rights Emerge In order to combat the ERA, pro-abortion supporters, conservatives built what the called a new “pro- family” movement They were able to block the ERA from passing

The Movement’s Legacy Despite the ERA’s defeat the women’s movement – Altered society in countless ways – Such as transforming women’s conventional roles and their attitudes towards career and family The movement also succeeded in expanding opportunities for women

Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality The Latino Presence grows During the 1960s the Latino Population in the U.S. grew from 3 to 9 million

Latinos Varied in Origin Mexicans-largest group (southwest and California) Puerto Ricans- began migrating in 1898 (east coast cities; New York) Cubans- New York City, New Jersey, Miami (fled communist rule) Encountered racisms, most lived in segregated barrios or neighborhoods

Latinos Fight For Change As their presence grew so did their demand for greater representation and better treatment

The Farm Worker Movement Key organizer was Caesar Chavez – Believed in non-violence – Used boycott of grapes to get their union accepted United Farm Workers Organizing Committee

Cultural pride “Brown Power” movements were started all over the country Demanded bilingual Education Money for heritage programs

Political Power During the 1960s 8 Hispanic Americans served in the House What was La Raza Unida? Latino political organization whose goal was to help Latino Americans get elected

Environmentalists Speak Out 1960s-1970s scientists learned more about toxic waste Toxic waste- poisonous byproduct of human activity Concerns over- coal, smog, pesticide abuse, and polluted rivers

Environmentalists Speak Out Rachael Carson writes Silent Spring – Describes the deadly affect of pesticides that they were having on birds and animals She insisted human activity drastically altered the environment

Her work caused Congress to bad DDT – DDT was a pesticide 1968 Cuyahoga River catches fire in Cleveland Ohio

Inaugurating Earth Day Nationwide protest called for Earth Day Cuyahoga River fire made it seem like predictions were coming true April 22, 1970 First Earth Day, 20 million people took part There were concerns if government should take over private property

A President Turns Environmentalist 1970 Nixon asks Congress to create Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Mission to protect the entire ecological chain – Sought to eliminate pollutants

A President Turns Environmentalist Nixon signs Clean Air Act (1970) to combat pollutants Clean Water Act (1973) limit pollution by agriculture and industry Endangered Species Act (1973) promote the protection of endangered species and animals