THE FIVE PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE Part 2: Protection Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

DISASTER RESILIENCE IS A FAILED POLICY WITHOUT THE ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FIVE INTEGRATED POLICIES (i.e., The Five Pillars of Disaster Resilience)

YOURNATIONYOURNATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS MONITORING HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATIONR RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EM RESPONSE RECOVERY 5 PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

PROTECTION OF IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS AN ESSENTIAL PILLAR OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

THE GOAL DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE: CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY

REALITY UNANTICIPATED DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY LACK OF DISASTER RESILIENCE INSUFFICIENT PROTECTION OF COMMUNITY BLDGS. & INFRASTRUCTURE

WHAT IS PROTECTION? (Protection is a mandated state of robustness, strength, and ductility for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure to prevent loss of function when a natural hazard ocurs (Protection is a mandated state of robustness, strength, and ductility for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure to prevent loss of function when a natural hazard ocurs

THE STATE-OF-PROTECTION IN A COMMUNITY INCREASES AS A COMMUNITY’S CAPABILITY TO ANTICIPATE WHAT WILL HAPPEN INCREASES

WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS? (Preparedness is a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national scales that is sufficient to keep the disaster agents of a natural hazard from causing a disaster (Preparedness is a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national scales that is sufficient to keep the disaster agents of a natural hazard from causing a disaster

THE STATE-OF-READINESS IN A COMMUNITY INCREASES AS A COMMUNITY’S CAPABILITY TO ANTICIPATE WHAT WILL HAPPEN INCREASES

ANY COMMUNITY CAN INCREASE ITS STATE-OF- PROTECTION AGAINST THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF ANY NATURAL HAZARD

ALL “PROTECTION ACTIVITIES” RELY ON CAPABILITY TO ANTICIPATE HAZARD AND RISK ZONATION (INUNDATION, GROUND SHAKING, AND HIGH-VELOCITY WIND FIELDS) URBAN PLANNING (AVOIDANCE) CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATING BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS SITE-SPECIFIC DESIGN

ALL “PROTECTION ACTIVITIES” RELY ON CAPABILITY TO ANTICIPATE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES (e.g., BASE ISOLATION) PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE) …

WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED? THE NATURAL HAZARD (S) THAT IS/ARE MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT/THEY OCCUR? HOW STRONG WILL THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF EACH HAZARD BE? THE NATURAL HAZARD (S) THAT IS/ARE MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR? WHERE AND WHEN WILL IT/THEY OCCUR? HOW STRONG WILL THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF EACH HAZARD BE?

WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED (Continued)? WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK? WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA- STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK? WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL- NERABILITIES WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK? WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA- STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK? WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL- NERABILITIES

WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED (Continued)? WHAT ARE THE LIKELY SOCIAL VUL- NERABILITIES WHAT IS THE LIKELY DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION? WHAT ARE THE LIKELY CASUALTIES, SOCIO- ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS? WHAT ARE THE LIKELY SOCIAL VUL- NERABILITIES WHAT IS THE LIKELY DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION? WHAT ARE THE LIKELY CASUALTIES, SOCIO- ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS?

BUILDINGS NEEDING PROTECTION? HIGH-RISES SCHOOLS HOSPITALS MILITARY INSTALLATIONS THE CAPITOL THE LEGISLATURE TH PRESIDENTIAL PALACE

INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDING PROTECTION UTILITY SYSTEMS (GAS, POWER, WATER) SEWAGE SYSTEMS PIPELINES TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES, TRANSIT, AIRPORTS, …)

INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDING PROTECTEION COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LEVEES AND DAMS POWER PLANTS NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS HAZ MAT STORAGE TANKS

POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS TO PROTECT AGAINST INUNDATION STRONG WIND FIELD STRONG GROUND SHAKING LIQUEFACTION LANDSLIDES FIRE

EXAMPLE 1: A NEED FOR PROTECTION CHINA EARTHQUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 2: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” EGYPT ASWAN HIGH DAM: PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 3: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” ALGERIA (ALGIERS, A CAPITAL CITY): PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 3: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” ALGERIA (BOUMEDES) AFTER EARTHQUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 4: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” ITALY (IRPINIA) AFTER EARTHQUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 5: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” OKLAHOMA, USA HOSPITAL AFTER TORNADO: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 6: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” JAPAN ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY AFTER EARTH- QUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 7: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” CALIFORNIA OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE AFTER EARTHQUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 8: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” SAN FRANCISCO CITY HALL (BASE ISOLATION): PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 9: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” ARIZONA, USA AQUEDUCT: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 10: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” SAN FRANCISCO INT’L AIRPORT (BASE ISOLATION): PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 11: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” CHILE HIGHWAY SYSTEM: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 12: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” NEW ORLEANS AFTER HUR- RICANE KATRINA: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 13: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” CHILE INUNDATION: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 14: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” CHINA (YA’AN CITY) AFTER EARTHQUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 15: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” GULF OF MEXICO OIL RIG: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 16: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” PAKISTAN COLLAPSED BUILDINGS AFTER EARTHQUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 17: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” HAITI PRESIDENTIAL PALACE AFTER EARTHQUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 18: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” JAPAN FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 19: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” MEXICO (MEXICO CITY AND “POPO): PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 20: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION”E PERU BRIDGE AFTER LAND- SLIDE): PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 21: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” USA INTERSTATE HWY 44 IN- UNDATED: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 22: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” JAPAN ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY AFTER EARTH- QUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 23: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” CHINA BEIJING (CAPITAL CITY) AFTER FLOOD: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 24: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION”E PERU BRIDGE AFTER LAND- SLIDE): PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 25: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” USA INTERSTATE HWY 44 IN- UNDATED: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 26: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” CHINA THREE GORGES DAM: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 27: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” ALASKA USA SCHOOL: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 28: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” TENNESSEE (USA) ELEVATED RAILROAD BRIDGE DURING A FLOOD: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 29: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” SRI LANKA AFTER TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 30: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” RUSSUA WILDFIRE NEAR THE KREMLIN: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 31: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” AUSTRALIA (QUEENSLAND) A FLOOD: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 32: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” AMERICAN SAMOA TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP: PROPER PRIOR PRO- TECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 33: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” TRINIDAD- TOBAGO FLOOD: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 34: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” JAPAN TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

EXAMPLE 35: A NEED FOR “PROTECTION” RUSSIA EARTHQUAKE: PROPER PRIOR PROTECTION PREVENTS POOR PERFORMANCE

CONCLUSION With Today’s Books of Knowledge, Innovative Capacity Building to Protect Important Buildings and Basic, essential, and Critical, Infrastructure is possible.