The Enlightenment in Europe Thanks to for this PowerPoint

What is the Enlightenment? Application of the scientific method to social problems Application of the scientific method to social problems

All humans were naturally selfish and wicked, therefore governments must keep order. All humans were naturally selfish and wicked, therefore governments must keep order. People should hand over their rights to a strong ruler. This was what Hobbes called a social contract. People should hand over their rights to a strong ruler. This was what Hobbes called a social contract. Strong ruler should have total power (an absolute monarchy). Strong ruler should have total power (an absolute monarchy). This powerful government with awesome power is what he called a leviathan (sea monster) therefore he titled his book Leviathan (1651). This powerful government with awesome power is what he called a leviathan (sea monster) therefore he titled his book Leviathan (1651). Thomas Hobbes

John Locke People were reasonable (though still selfish) and had the natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Purpose of government is to protect these natural rights. Government power comes from the consent of the people.

Interactive Create the following chart and list which types of governments (use prior knowledge) would be supported by each thinker Create the following chart and list which types of governments (use prior knowledge) would be supported by each thinker HobbesLocke

Voltaire Wrote more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy, and drama. Wrote more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy, and drama. Used satire against his enemies, especially the clergy. Used satire against his enemies, especially the clergy. Beliefs: Beliefs: Tolerance Tolerance Reason Reason Freedom of religious belief Freedom of religious belief Freedom of speech Freedom of speech “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.” “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

Interactive Create a tweet or facebook status discussing the quote “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.” Create a tweet or facebook status discussing the quote “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

Montesquieu Believed Britain was the best-governed and most politically balanced country of his own day. Proposed the “separation of powers” between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. Proposed “checks and balances.”

Interactive Answer the following question Answer the following question How have you been affected by the thoughts and writings of Montesquieu? How have you been affected by the thoughts and writings of Montesquieu?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Passionately committed to individual freedom. Passionately committed to individual freedom. Believed man was born free and good but easily corrupted. Believed man was born free and good but easily corrupted. Believed the only good government was the “general will” or direct democracy. Believed the only good government was the “general will” or direct democracy.

Mary Wollstonecraft Women should be equally educated along with men. Women should be equally educated along with men. Women should enter professions traditionally dominated by men like medicine and politics. Women should enter professions traditionally dominated by men like medicine and politics. Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Mary Shelley Daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft. Mistress and later wife of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Author of Frankenstein in the summer of 1816, Later published in 1818.

Interactive Write out and complete the analogy below Write out and complete the analogy below Mary Wollstonecraft is to Great Britain as _______________ is to the United States Mary Wollstonecraft is to Great Britain as _______________ is to the United States Hint: person is on money Hint: person is on money