 Family  Schools/Education  Political Systems  Economic Systems  Religion

Chapter 13:

 Power: Ability to control others  Use looks, charm, speaking ability  Coercion- control through force (physical/threats)  Coercive governments are typically unstable.  Authority: Power that is accepted as legitimate  Functional and stable governments

 Charismatic  Traditional  Rational-Legal

 Authority that comes from a person’s personality  Difficult to transfer power to another person

 Authority coming from custom/tradition  More stable than charismatic authority  Examples: kingdoms/royalty, dynasties

 Power is in the office, not the people.  Used by most modern governments  Limits to power bound by expectations of their job/office

 Authoritarian  Totalitarian  Democratic

 A ruler with absolute power tries to control all aspects of society  One political party  Control over communication systems, military, & economy  Well-organized campaign of terror  Examples: Nazi Germany, USSR

 Controlled by elected or non-elected people who allow for some individual freedom  Don’t allow popular participation in government  Middle ground, leans more totalitarian  Example: Fidel Castro/Cuba

 Direct Democracy (Pure Democracy)  Citizens vote directly, no representatives  Population has power  Representative Democracy  Use of elected officials to make decisions  Too many people to have them all participate  If elected officials don’t comply with peoples’ wishes, they won’t win again.

 Equality, safety, services for citizens domestically & abroad  Protection and proper use of national interests and resources

Why is it important to have citizens believe they have an impact on politics?

 Political decisions come from compromise and bargains of special interest groups  Interest Group: organized group used to influence political decisions  Utilizes functionalist perspective in what is best for the entire society  Power is widely distributed.

 Society is controlled by a few individuals or groups, coming from similar backgrounds.  Use power to keep themselves in power  Based on Conflict Perspective  Power Elite  Top military, government, & corporate leaders

 Year 102- Kim Il-Sung  51 social categories ranked by loyalty  28 approved haircuts  Koreans have defected south, while 2 have defected north.  150, ,000 living in internment camps  Only officials own vehicles.  Sexiest leader worldwide  Closed domestic internet network  Marijuana and Opium are legal.  Most militarized border in the world  South Korean film director was kidnapped to make movies.  Cannibalism  No justice system  No religious freedom  Controlled radio in every household that cannot be turned off.  Voting every 5 years with one candidate ballots  Uniforms  School subjects: Korean, mathematics, Physical Education, Drawing, Music, Politics

 Private property  Ability to gain profit  Production, distribution, and exchange of wealth by private individuals or industries  Government plays very small role (only regulates to prevent abuse of consumers).  No “pure” capitalist system

Pros  Competition to provide goods and services keeps prices low  Rewards hard work  Provides choice  Allows for the building up of wealth and possessions  Consumers regulate the market Cons  Exploits people who cannot compete  Uneven distribution of wealth  Creates a money-oriented society  Constant economic growth may deplete the earth’s resources  Not focused on needs of society

 Monopolies- Control over a market by one company  Oligopolies- A few companies/groups work together to control market  Both limit a consumers options and choices

 Government ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods  No private property  A system or condition of society in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state

Pros  All members share benefits  Those who cannot contribute may still participate (disabled, elderly)  Each member’s survival needs are met  Equal distribution of wealth  No socioeconomic classes Cons  No incentive to work harder  No competition means no reward to be innovative  New members to the community (immigrants) are seen as competition for limited goods and services  Higher taxes

 Postal service  Rail lines  Libraries  Health care  Social programs  Roads  Infrastructure (bridges, freeways, etc.)  Can you think of any others?

Semi- Capitalist countries:  America  Canada  Brazil  Japan  Mexico Socialist countries:  Cuba  Saudi Arabia  Iran  North Korea  Burma

 An economy in which some industries are privately owned and others are publicly owned or nationalized  Many capitalist economies are mixed economies (some capitalism and some socialism).

 A free market exists with some regulation by the government  People can create their own businesses and make a profit  All businesses pay taxes, which benefit everyone

COMMUNISM “NEEDS”SOCIALISM “DEEDS”  Political system  No religion  Provide for needs without using money; collectively owned  NO LEADER  NO SOCIAL CLASSES  Economic system  Freedom of religion  Means of production owned by public enterprise, controlled by workers  Able to be used in various political systems  Classes exist, roles diminished

Chapter 14

 Religion- a unified system of beliefs and practices concerned with sacred things  Sacred- holy; set apart and given a special meaning that goes beyond, or transcends, immediate existence  Profane- nonsacred

 Focus on religion as a human construct  Focus on social aspects that can be measured and observed  Do not study what parts of religions are correct or incorrect!

 Denomination- one of several religious organizations that most members of a society accept as legitimate  Sect- a religious organization arising out of a desire to reform an old organization  Cult- a religious organization whose characteristics are not drawn from existing religious traditions in a society

 Focuses on contributions to society  Legitimizes social arrangements  Promotes social unity  Provides a sense of understanding  Encourages belonging

 Believe elite use religion to manipulate the masses  Justifies economic, political, and social advantages

 Believe people create symbolic meanings from their religious beliefs and rituals  Meanings guide social interactions.

 The resistance of secularization and the rigid adherence to tradition  Secularization- process through which the sacred loses influence over society

1. Write down your religious affiliation. 2. List 5 of your close friends’ names. 3. Answer the following questions based on today’s lesson. 1. Do your friendships have anything to do with religion? Why/Why not? (Think about your friends if your religion was different.) 2. Have your friendships ever been tested because of religion? 3. How important is religion within your friendships?