© UNT in partnership with TEA1 Introduction to Scanners Principles of Information Technology

So what is a scanner? A scanner, simply put, is a device used to analyze an image and process it. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners2 Scanned Image

One size does not scan all! Flatbed Scanners Sheet-fed Scanners Handheld Scanners Drum Scanners © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners3 There are different types of scanners for different types of documents that need to be scanned.

Flatbed Scanner Used for scanning most documents, photos, and even flat objects from a PC or laptop. Flatbed scanner works like a copy machine. Scans documents placed face down on the glass (scan bed) Most common type of scanner. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners4

Sheet-fed Scanner More portable than a flatbed scanner. Used to scan paper documents and photos. The paper moves through the scanner. Usually smaller than a flat- bed and portable. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners5

Handheld Scanner Smaller than the previous two scanners. The user must move the scanner across the document. Image quality us usually lower. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners6

Drum Scanner Used by the publishing industry. Document is placed on a glass cylinder. Generates very high quality scans. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners7

Using Your Scanner Most flatbed scanners are connected to the computer via the Universal Serial Bus (USB). A software program called a TWAIN driver is used by the computer to communicate with the scanner. An Image Editing program can then be used to manipulate the scanned image. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners8

Connecting the Scanner Most modern Scanners connect to the computer through the USB. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners9

Scanner Software The TWAIN is a standard of communication between the computer and scanner that all scanner manufacturers agree to that allow images to be directly scanned from an image editing program. The TWAIN driver controls the scanner and serves as the interface between the scanner and your graphics program. TWAIN is not an acronym for anything, but… © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners10

What is TWAIN? Twain is an old form of the word “two”. The TWAIN software refers to the computer and scanner and the difficulty in connecting the two. The developers took the word from Kipling's "The Ballad of East and West" "...and never the twain shall meet...", Allows 3 rd party software applications to access the scanner to import images. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners11

© UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners12 The image to be scanned should be placed face down on the scanning bed. The scanner will have a marker indicating where the top of the image should go. Scanning A Photo

© UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners13 Fireworks CS3 Most applications that are TWAIN compliant will allow you to scan the image directly into the application. We will use Fireworks for this example. Fireworks is a TWAIN compliant application.

© UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners14 Scanning A Photo

Scanning a Photo Some Applications are not TWAIN compliant, such as Adobe Photoshop CS4 and GIMP. The scanner manufacturer will usually provide a stand- alone application for scanning images. You can scan images and save them using their application. Next, open them like any other image in your application of choice. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners15

Scanning Formats Depending on your scanning software, you may have different options of file formats in which to save your scanned image or document. Images may be saved as: jpg, bmp, tif, or png. Documents may be saved as: pdf, or any of the image formats © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners16

.bmp The BMP file format, sometimes called bitmap file format, is an image file format used to store bitmap digital images. BMP is a very simple bitmap format used by Microsoft. It doesn't support any photo specific features - and most importantly it doesn't support color management. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners17

.tif Tagged Image File Format (abbreviated TIFF) is a file format for storing images, including photographs and line art. tif images are considered losless, meaning when compressed they do not lose any of the data that renders the image allowing the image to maintain its resolution. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners18

.jpg jpg is the most common image format used by digital cameras and other photographic image capture devices, and is the most common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on the World Wide Web. jpg images are considered lossy, meaning when compressed, they lose some of the data that renders the image, resulting in a lower resolution image. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners19

.png Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Designed to replace the GIF format. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners20

.pdf The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 for document exchange. PDF is a fixed-layout format used for representing two-dimensional documents in a manner independent of the application software, hardware, and operating system. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a 2-D document (and, with Acrobat 3-D, embedded 3-D documents) that includes the text, fonts, images, and 2-D vector graphics that compose the documents. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners21

After Scanning After scanning, you may need to modify your image in a graphic editing program. Crop Brightness Contrast © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners22

Crop To crop an image means to cut away, or trim, the image. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners23

© UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners24 Crop

Brightness Refers to the lightness and darkness of a color. Also referred to as tone or value. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners25 Original Image Increased Brightness

Contrast Contrast is the difference in visual properties that makes an object (or its representation in an image) distinguishable between other objects and the background. © UNT in partnership with TEAIT: Principals of IT – Introduction to Scanners26 Original Image Increased Contrast