4 th Edition Copyright Prentice Hall12-1 Psychotic Disorders Unit 6
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS Disorders where you lose contact with reality…hospitalization is recommended The worst of the worst mental disorders
Copyright Prentice Hall12-3 Mood Disorders Mood disorders tend to run in families (genetic)
Bipolar Disorder- TYPES Bipolar I disorder- full manic episodes bipolar II disorder- only hypomanic “a high” 1/3 begin in adolescent years
Copyright Prentice Hall12-5 Bipolar I Most severe mood d/o at least one manic episode: Euphoria, flight of ideas, reduced need for sleep, easily distracted, pressured speech Indestructible feelings— irrational spending, promiscuity
Bipolar Specifiers Catatonic features- slowed or stop moving With/without paranoia- delusions/hallucinations
Copyright Prentice Hall12-7 Bipolar II highs are hypo manic, rather than manic. mild – chronic swings not as severe as bipolar typically do not require hospitalization to assure safety.
Copyright Prentice Hall12-8 Schizophrenia Schizophrenia tends to run in families. risk increases with genetic relatedness between individual and family member with schizophrenia.
Copyright Prentice Hall12-9 Schizophrenia A predisposition to schizophrenia may be inherited, with development of disorder requiring presence of other factors.
Copyright Prentice Hall12-10
Copyright Prentice Hall12-11 Physical brain differences brain abnormalities, including larger ventricles, smaller thalamus and limbic system. Too much dopamine
Copyright Prentice Hall12-12 Schizophrenia affects approx. 1% of pop. Psychotic: separation from reality. symptoms are classified as positive (distortions or excesses) or negative (reductions or losses).
Copyright Prentice Hall12-13 Schizophrenia Positive symptoms include fluent but disorganized speech (clang), delusions, and hallucinations. Negative symptoms include poverty of speech & emotional expression (flat affect/ apathy)
Copyright Prentice Hall12-14 Delusions Grandiose/grandeur: Is a SPECIAL person or has special powers Persecution/ conspiracy: being followed, harassed, cheated, poisoned or drugged, conspired against, spied on, attacked, or obstructed in the pursuit of goals. Sin/Guilt: false sense of responsibility for bad things
Copyright Prentice Hall12-15 Delusions Reference: insignificant remarks, events, or objects in one's environment have personal meaning Influence/ control: a person/ people, or external force controls one's thoughts, feelings, or behavior
Copyright Prentice Hall12-16 Hallucinations Distorted perceptions: Auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory and olfactory sensations are distorted
Copyright Prentice Hall12-17 Schizophrenia Unusual motor symptoms lack of movement (catatonia) or echolalia (mimicking other’s movement) and/or echopraxia (mimicking speech) Avolition (no will)
Copyright Prentice Hall13-18 Biomedical Therapies Antipsychotic drugs occupy dopamine receptor sites. more effective at reducing positive symptoms than negative ones. antipsychotic drugs can lead to tardive dyskinesia, a reaction involving involuntary motor movements. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Copyright Prentice Hall12-19 Personality Disorders long-standing dysfunctional patterns of behavior. 10% prevalence rate Treatment not usually sought (patients don’t think they are the problem— others are to blame)
Copyright Prentice Hall12-20 Antisocial Personality Disorder often described as deceitful, impulsive, and remorseless Disregard the rights of others No anxiety symptoms Low levels of arousal may play a role in this disorder
Copyright Prentice Hall12-21 Narcissistic Personality D/O Need for attention/ admiration Lack of empathy
Copyright Prentice Hall12-22 Sexual Disorders Paraphilias -- disorders involving sexual attraction/ arousal in unusual situations or to unusual objects. Fetishism is a paraphilia -- sexually aroused by an object, ex: boots/ feet.
Copyright Prentice Hall12-23 Sexual Disorders One explanation for fetishism and paraphilias is classical conditioning. (Behavioral)
Copyright Prentice Hall12-24 Paraphilic D/Os Voyeurism– peeping Exhibitionism—exposing self Necrophilia—corpses Pedophilia—children prior to puberty Frotteurism—rubbing against or touching Zoophilia—animals
Models Psychodynamic: early childhood experiences - attachment Behavioral: classical conditioning/ learning Medical: antiandrogens
Copyright Prentice Hall12-26 Sexual Sadism individual is sexually aroused by causing humiliation or physical suffering of others Deviant behavior
Deviation from norm
Copyright Prentice Hall12-28 Sexual Masochism individual is aroused by being humiliated, beaten, bound, or made to suffer in some way
Copyright Prentice Hall12-29 Personality and Sexual Disorders Gender Dysphoria (transsexual) = person believes he or she is a member of opposite sex.