INTD 54 fabric

textiles & textile products textile: originally applied to woven fabrics now generally applied to any flexible material that is composed of: thin films of polymers fibers, yarns, or fabrics products made of films, fibers, yarns or fabrics

textiles & textile products fiber: natural or manufactured smallest component—hairlike in nature—that can be separated from a fabric can be: absorbent—cotton or rayon stretchy—spandex warm & bulky—wool very strong & abrasion resistant—nylon or polyester

textile fibers and their properties

fiber properties predicting and understanding fabric performance begins with the fiber fiber properties are determined by their: physical structure chemical composition molecular arrangement

fiber properties: physical structure LENGTH: fibers are sold by the fiber producer as staple, filament or filament tow staple —short fibers, measured in inches or centimeters except for silk, all natural fibers are in staple form

fiber properties: physical structure filament —long, continuous fiber strands of indefinite length, measured in miles or kilometers may be monofilament or multifilament; may be smooth or bulked

textiles & textile products yarn: assemblage of fibers twisted or laid together to form a continuous strand that can be made into a textile fabric can be used to make fabric: smooth & slick—satin soft & fuzzy—brushed denim

textiles & textile products fabric: flexible planar substance constructed from solutions, fibers, yarns, or fabrics in any combination range from: lightweight and sheer—chiffon heavy and sturdy—denim rigid and firm—carpeting

woven fabrics made with two or more sets of yarns interlaced at right angles warp yarns —yarns in lengthwise direction (ends) filling yarns —yarns in crosswise direction (weft) common characteristics: made with two or more sets of yarns interlaced at right angles many different interlacing patterns give interest and texture to fabric yarns can be raveled from adjacent sides fabrics have grain fabrics are relatively stable, with little stretch in warp or filling

knitting formation of a fabric by the interlooping of one or more sets of yarns using needles many knits made with only one yarn set do not expect to find yarns in both lengthwise & crosswise directions—yarns interloop instead of interlock complete products can be produced or fashioned directly on knitting machine

textiles & textile products coloration: any dyeing or printing process used to add color with dyes or pigments to a textile adds interest and appeal to apparel and interiors

dyeing & printing color is one of the most significant factors in the appeal & marketability of textile products manner in which color is added to a textile and the chemical nature of the colorant contribute to product’s appearance performance rate of response to fashion change quality cost

textiles & textile products finish: any process that modifies appearance or enhance performance of gray goods comfort—brushing velveteen to make softer surface performance—stain-resistance

finishing—an overview finish—any process that is done to fiber, yarn or fabric either before or after fabrication to change: appearance—what is seen hand—what is felt performance– what fabric does all finishing processes add to cost

care of textile products care describes: the cleaning procedures used to remove soil & return products to new or nearly new condition appropriate storage conditions important aspect to consider for textile products storage conditions may influence: appearance quality performance incorrect storage may result in: permanently set wrinkles discoloration dye or print transfer damage from insects, mold or heat acid degradation

soil & soil removal soil is any substance not intended to be on a textile—classified into several categories bases on: type how it is held on fabric EXAMPLES: gum, mud, wax—held on mechanically & removed mechanically by scraping or agitation lint & dust—held on by electrostatic forces & removed by water which neutralizes charge coffee & other beverages—water-soluble thus dissolves in water

other cleaning methods—carpets & upholstery vacuuming —uses suction to pull particulate soil from carpeting, upholstered furniture & wall or window coverings wet cleaning —uses water-based detergents in foam form & has extended drying times dry-foam cleaning —done by hand with foam sprayed on carpet or by employing a machine that deposits detergent solution foam just ahead of agitating brush

other cleaning methods—carpets & upholstery hot-water extraction —fine-spray of hot-water-detergent solution injected into carpet then removed almost immediately by powerful vacuum which also removes soil absorbent powder cleaning —absorbent powders (combining detergents, water & solvents) sprinkled on surface, worked into pile or fabric, removed by vacuuming ultrasonic cleaning —requires special cleaning facility—high frequency sound waves attract soil and remove it from carpet fibers