Title = Best Presidency? Agree or Disagree with the following statement… –The President would serve the country best if he showed no party affiliation, and served as a mediator between the 2 parties

Analyze the economic and political decisions of President Adams from Analyze the Political significance of the Virginia Resolution during the Adams Presidency and beyond in American History

Sets another unwritten precedent (only 1 will break it) Federalists will weaken after GW’s Presidency –Dem Reps will have their 2 nd Revolution soon

Adams = 1st place –Federalist Jefferson = 2nd place –Dem-Rep –TJ glad he lost… Prez & VP enemies –Not friends anymore –Relationship will get worse 2nd “revolution” will happen for TJ

But JA is VERY qualified for Pres… –“Atlas of the Rev” JA = “GW Term 3” JA will see the Fed Party pretty much “die”

Bright, noble, middle class ↑Bright, noble, middle class ↑ Sword, Penguin, silly temper, gadfly not GW…Sword, Penguin, silly temper, gadfly not GW… Thoughtful & has good intentionsThoughtful & has good intentions Saw big picture well but not small pictureSaw big picture well but not small picture ModerateModerate –Wants everyone to be on the same team… –President and scales Sticks to his guns and faces criticismSticks to his guns and faces criticism

a.Why? What’s wrong? – over Jay’s Treaty of 1794 USA sided with GB – over Treaty of Alliance of 1778!!

Adams about to be pushed into a delicate foreign policy mess

Adams sends 3 US officials to France to negotiate How do the talks go?

And tell Adams what happened Who else wants to know what happened? What does Adams do? –JA gives Congress the entire story of the negotiations –Agents called “X, Y and Z”

Kinda… –Congress = to be informed –Americans find out...then what? Patriotism is up!!! Why is this a problem?

Neither formally declare warNeither formally declare war A few naval battles in CaribbeanA few naval battles in Caribbean Who doesn’t like the war?Who doesn’t like the war? ‒ Dem-Reps

Builds…. –Adams called the Father of the US Navy Fighting takes place in Caribbean and our navy kicks French buttFighting takes place in Caribbean and our navy kicks French butt –Little kid on the playground gets respect

1.Federalists and Hamilton told Adams to create a standing army –Adams doesn’t want to! –Will have to raise taxes to fund the army –Whig Ideology and standing armies? 2.JA hears rumors of spies and French Invasion…so…...

Naturalization (5 to 14 to be citizen) Alien Enemies (any male citizens of France in the USA can be deported) Alien Friends (any non-citizen suspected of plotting against gov can be deported) Sedition (anything written, published or said that is “false, scandalous, or malicious” against the US gov can result in fine or jail)

Democratic- Republicans 10 Republicans will be convicted –Newspaper editors –Congressmen Matthew Lyon re-elected in jail!!!

or or –JA felt it was Constitutional though –Abigail told him to do it (she was a little cut- throat) –Passed July 4…Feds thought it would be fitting

Uncertain role of Pres Congress dominated by Federalists WEAK Supreme Court! Some President was going to challenge the strength of the Bill of Rights. Adams does first.

What did Americans do with the A+S Acts? –Not too much…they were more upset about… Who was angered more? –Democratic- Republicans What did they do?

What did they say? Why is this a HUGE DEAL?

USA kinda wins What does the USA win from France? –1778 Treaty of Alliance is void USA is now part of no alliances (and will stay that way for 100+ years!!) Adams and Haiti!!

Adams is caught in the middle in many ways

Hamilton vs Adams got uglier!! –Feds listened to Hamilton –JA’s own cabinet against him!! Hardcore Feds mad at JA w/his handling of the Quasi-War… –Feds wanted him to Declare War and have an all-out war –Adams cut the army –Adams starts and ends the war with Diplomacy Did Adams do the right thing?

Between  –TJ camp on Adams: Adams has a “hideous hermaphroditical character, which has neither the force and firmness of a man, nor the gentleness and sensibility of a woman.” – James Callender –Adams on TJ: He is “a mean-spirited, low-lived fellow, the son of a half- breed Indian squaw, sired by a Virginia mulatto father.”

AH tried many times to take down Adams…AH tried many times to take down Adams… –AH’s last plan was to get Thomas Pinckney (lightweight) elected as President –Who would have been Prez?

This election gets really messed up How do you win a Presidential Election? –Article 2, Section 1, Paragraph 3 The Electoral College has 16 states and 138 Electors How many votes does each elector have? How many Electoral Votes do you need to win?

Based on the rules, each elector has 2 votes they have to use So while the map says TJ won 12 electoral votes in NY, 12 other NY votes went to somebody else!!!

What do the rules say about 1 st & 2 nd place? What are the parties starting to do by this election? –Sortof Run Prez + VP Tickets!! But how? Dem Reps ballot was… –Jefferson Prez –Burr VP Federalists ballot was… –Adams Prez –Pinckney VP What should happen with the votes?

Electors voted for each man on the ticket First results were –Jefferson 73 Burr 73 –Adams 65 Pinckney 64 John Jay 1 Was the voting performed right? No majority winner…what then? What are the rules?

Jefferson did not trust Burr (nobody did) TJ took Burr as VP to get NY (and he got it) TJ expected Burr to step down and Burr does not!!!

A House of Reps that is still run by Federalists!!! –Many Federalists prefer Burr!! Jefferson vs. Burr (No Adams) How do the rules work? –Reps votes add up in each state –Whoever gets more Reps votes in each state gets the state –16 states. You need how many to win?

1 st Ballot… –Jefferson 8, Burr 6, Abstain split in House theoretically How many ballots does it take? 2 nd to 35 th Ballot = First 35 ballots took weeks to complete ‒ Crazy stories (JA+TJ, Civil War, JA will be President again!!)

Some of the voters changed their minds on their own Hamilton (of all people) got some Feds to pick TJ over Burr…why? ‒ Hamilton hated Burr… what will happen to the two of them?

11 th = States can’t be sued by resident of another state or country 12 th = Fixed Article 2 of Const –Ratified June before next election –Old System details 2 votes per elector 1 st place = Prez 2 nd place = VP

Still 2 votes per Elector… –1 for Prez –1 for VP (which doesn’t count) 1 st and 2 nd place now means what? –1 st wins –2 nd loses everything Why is the 12 th Amendment Important? –Enemies won’t be Prez-VP –Election of 1800 debacle won’t happen again

The country decided democratically to “overthrow” another “autocratic” government Spectrum in the Dem-Reps eyes ‒ 2 nd step towards weaker Federal government…(we’ll see…) Why is this Election a HUGE DEAL? –Power is transferred peacefully! –We sure look better than…

Federalists lost power to Democratic- Republicans in all 3 Branches?? –Executive –Legislative –Judicial…………………………………………………..

AKA Midnight Judges Act Lame Duck Adams and Federalist Congress pass it in last days of office Added more Circuit and District Courts More Judicial positions created for whom? –Federalists!!! –What was Adams and the Federalist Congress trying to do?

Chief Justice John Marshall  Federalist Will serve for 34 YEARS!!!! His impact will be seen in the next few Presidencies!!

GW is dead, JA goes home, AH is finished