Presentation of Charge and Overview of Fermilab R&D Programs Steve Holmes Accelerator Advisory Committee Meeting ( December 4-6, 2006

Page 2 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Update Since May Meeting Run II –First stores beyond 2  cm -2 sec -1 –Antiproton stacking rate over 20  /hour –Recycler stacks up to 400   Design goal (8 fb -1 through FY2009) requires 30  /hour stack rate and 500  Recycler stack –FY06 delivered luminosity: 621 pb -1 ; total to date: 2.0 fb -1 /detector –FY07 goals: 1771 pb -1 (design); 763 pb -1 (base)  Still planning 9/30/09 cessation of operations Neutrinos –1.0  protons to NuMI in FY06  Typically 180 kW on target simultaneous with pbar production  Have exceeded 300 kW in dedicated running –MiniBoone operations in parallel

Page 3 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Update Since May Meeting Integrated Luminosity (through 11/26/06)

Page 4 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Update Since May Meeting Integrated Beam to NuMI (through 11/27/06)

Page 5 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Update Since May Meeting FRA (Fermi Research Alliance) awarded Fermilab operating contract for period January 1, 2007-December 31, 2011 –Partnership between University of Chicago and Universities Research Association –Will foster closer contacts with Argonne National Laboratory and with Illinois research universities –Science strategy based on: (see  Energy Frontier (LHC and ILC) –Strong commitment to bringing the ILC to northern Illinois  Neutrinos  Particle Astophysics –Includes establishment of Accelerator Physics Center as a featured initiative New Technical Division Head: Marc Ross started October 1, 2006

Page 6 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Fermilab Accelerator R&D Program Strategic Context Fermilab has operated the highest energy particle accelerator in the world since –Current plan: Tevatron operations will cease on October 1, 2009 Fermilab currently operates the most advanced long- baseline neutrino program in the world... –CNGS now online –J-PARC will become competitive in

Page 7 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Strategic Context The Vision The vision is that Fermilab will remain the U.S. center for accelerator-based High Energy Physics, and one of the (two) pre-eminent centers in the world, for the foreseeable future. ILC is established as the primary goal; in parallel with strong participation in LHC and a world-leading neutrino program whose scope can be adjusted depending upon the fate of the ILC. A greater focus on longer term R&D is a key responsibility of the laboratory in the new era. Supporting this vision requires a reorientation of the mission of the accelerator organization at Fermilab to provide enhanced support of accelerator R&D aimed at the future beyond Run II.  This is the primary motivation for creation of the Accelerator Physics Center at Fermilab.

Page 8 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements and Goals Energy Frontier ILC: Work with the international community to prepare for ILC construction in the decade of 2011 –Establish the Fermilab vicinity as the preferred location of ILC –Complete the Technical Design Report by end of this decade –Complete the accompanying R&D and industrialization programs LHC: Assist in successful commissioning and develop technologies that could support the LHC luminosity upgrade –Under the aegis of the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) Muon Collider: Develop concepts/technologies that could enable a multi-TeV lepton collider as a long-term follow on to the ILC –Newly proposed program based on recent conceptual advances in cooling –In collaboration with the national Muon Collaboration

Page 9 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements and Goals Neutrinos Neutrino SuperBeams: Develop the Fermilab accelerator complex to maintain a world leading neutrino program. –Build towards a 1 MW capability based on modification of accelerator assets freed up after completion of Run II –Parallel R&D effort on high intensity proton accelerators  Multi-MW proton facility with application either to neutrino superbeams or a muon storage ring based neutrino factory Neutrino Factory: In collaboration with international partners purse an R&D program aimed at establishing a viable design concept, and critical technology demonstrations, at the end of the decade –Next generation design study –Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

Page 10 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements and Goals Advanced Accelerator R&D Closeout the A0 facility following completion of the final student thesis (~next summer) Work with the ILC organization and the local universities and ANL to establish a forefront AARD program utilizing the NML_ILC facility at the end of the decade AARD elsewhere: Identify, and pursue as appropriate, experimental and theoretical AARD efforts with outside collaborators and at outside facilities.

Page 11 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements and Goals Timeframes

Page 12 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements and Goals Enabling Capabilities

Page 13 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements Current Status and Issues LHC/LARP –DOE guidance now shows funding through 2012 $12M/year, US program total) –Hardware commissioning underway, preparations for beam commissioning well advanced –Magnet program goal is to “demonstrate by 2009 that Nb 3 Sn magnets are a viable choice for an LHC IR upgrade”  Initial goal: 4m x 90 mm x 200 T/m magnets by end of 2009  Short magnets performance (almost) 200 T/m x 1m x 90 mm –Fermilab direct collaboration with CERN on software support of beam commissioning (coordinated with LARP) –Examining possible program expansions, esp. in out years and involving university collaborations –Note: Pre-production prototypes and/or production magnets for an LHC upgrade are not part of LARP

Page 14 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements Current Status and Issues ILC –Rapid buildup in resources with effort concentrated on the Main Linac (SCRF) and civil facilities –Significant involvement, including leadership positions, in the GDE –Need to build up to support the TDR Muon Collider –Possible route to multi-TeV leptons –New concepts have emerged over the few last years that warrant a new look at the MC and associated cooling schemes (e.g. helical cooling channels) –Task Force has proposed a multi-year R&D program aimed at 1.5 TeV or beyond collider –Strong synergies with Neutrino Factory and HINS programs

Page 15 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements Current Status and Issues Proton Development Plan –Proton Plan I underway  Goal: 320 kW in parallel with antiproton production for Run II –Proton Plan II in advanced planning/initial funding  Conversion of the Recycler to proton accumulation  Goal: 700 kW in post Run II era –Super NuMI in conceptual design stage  Utilization of the Antiproton Accumulator for proton momentum stacking  Goal: 1200 kW in post Run II era High Intensity Neutrino Source –Concentrating on development and demonstration of key technologies for efficient acceleration of high intensity H- beams –Meson facility descoped to 60 MeV following May AAC meeting  Goal: 60 MeV facility demonstrating multiple spoke resonators driven by single rf source in 2010

Page 16 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements Current Status and Issues Neutrino Factory –Work is conducted via the U.S. Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration, which is overseen jointly by BNL, Fermilab, and LBNL  Primary goals are development of a complete design concept early in the next decade supported by a demonstration of cooling technique (MICE) –Fermilab emphasis is on both conceptual and technology development related to muon cooling  MuCool Test Area currently operating with cryogenics but without beam  Plan of installing beamline in 2007 Development of modeling tools under the SciDAC program –Emphasis on beam dynamics associated with high intensity beams: space-charge and beam-beam interaction –SciDAC II will have strong component in support of ILC issues

Page 17 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements Current Status and Issues The role of future directed R&D in the Fermilab program? –Not a traditional strength or point of emphasis within the laboratory –Fermilab’s primary mission is operations and will remain so (we hope) for decades; generally translates into emphasis on near and intermediate terms –However, as the center of U.S. accelerator-based HEP at the end of the decade we recognize a responsibility to invest effort in the generation beyond.  “Discretionary” R&D is important for maintaining flexibility for the future.  These efforts often provide the best opportunities for the training of students and other staff.  Planning to migrate the AARD program from the A0 photoinjector to the NML_ILC Test Area, accompanied by exploration of possible off-site opportunities

Page 18 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements Integration within the National Program SCRF –We are committed to becoming the U.S. center for scrf development for ILC.  Can’t do this on our own: significant help from ANL, Cornell, DESY, INFN, JLab, KEK, LANL, MSU, NIU, Penn, SLAC –National collaboration formed to pursue R&D on the Neutrino Source: Fermilab, ANL, BNL, LBNL, MSU, NIU, (SLAC, JLAb) ILC/GDE –Primary responsibility for linac design and technology, industrialization, civil and site development, communications All our efforts are now leveraged via (inter)national partnerships

Page 19 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f R&D Program Elements Integration within the National Program LARP –National collaboration with Fermilab as lead lab: Fermilab, BNL, LBNL, SLAC; close cooperation with CERN and KEK; coordination with EU (CARE) –Close cooperation in our materials program with UW and NWU Muon Collaboration –Collaboration sponsored by Fermilab, BNL, and LBNL –Lot’s of university involvement including (locally) IIT, NIU, UIUC, UC, NWU HINS –Collaboration with ANL, BNL, LBNL University Connections –Joint operations of the photoinjector with NIU  Participating institutions include Rochester, Chicago, UCLA

Page 20 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Educational Programs Accelerator Phd Program −Initiated 1984; first graduate in 1987 −30 PhD and 1 Masters graduates  Distinguished alumni: Colby, Harkay, Merminga, Spentzouris, Syphers −26 home universities represented −8 current students USPAS host Joint appointments –With IIT and NIU (tenure track level) Joint programs –Joint operation with NIU of FNPL (aka A0 photoinjector) –Joint ME program in rf under development with NIU

Page 21 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Educational Programs Fellowships −Peoples Fellowship – Accelerator Science −Bardeen Fellowship – Accelerator Engineering Other Programs –Summer exchange with Russian universities –Summer Internships for Physics Majors –Summer Internships in Science and Technology for Minority Students –Cooperative Education Program

Page 22 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Resources The message: –Significant redirection of resources into the intermediate term (primarily ILC and associated SRF infrastructure)

Page 23 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Summary Requires that we become a world leader in scrf technologies, while maintaining our core competency in sc magnets Energy Frontier –Preparing to host the ILC is the highest priority beyond Run II  Requires developing/implementing the post-RDR strategy –Strong participation in LHC beam commissioning and upgrades –New look at the Muon Collider Neutrino strategy is adjustable depending upon how ILC evolves –Proton Plan I and II will get us to 700 kW – in process –SNuMI would get us beyond 1 MW – conceptual development –HINS is longer term option for >2 MW – technology R&D The Fermilab long term scientific strategy targets the energy frontier and neutrinos

Page 24 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Summary We are managing a significant buildup of accelerator R&D in support of laboratory’s long-term strategy –Accelerator Physics Center being created to facilitate increased focus on R&D –Balancing resources to support the operating program with those needed for R&D is part of the challenge –We are doing this within an extensive collaborative framework involving outside laboratories and universities –Some consolidation will probably be required if/as ILC support doubles Advanced accelerator R&D aimed at the long term will be an important and increasing activity, but it will not be dominant Your charge is to consider all this and offer advice…

Page 25 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Charge to the Committee: Overview of the entire program and commentary on strategy and balance –Impossible to cover all elements in detail so if there are particular items which the committee would like more in-depth discussion that can be arranged for tomorrow. ILC: Is the strategy for preparing Fermilab as the best possible host sound? –The approach here is to get the committee to look at the big picture and assist Fermilab in defining and implementing the best possible strategy –Go into areas where the GDE/MAC and DOE/ART reviews don’t tread

Page 26 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Charge to the Committee: APC: How can we set this up to utilize our assets most effectively in supporting the present while preparing options for the future? –Special emphasis on the Muon Collider R&D proposal and the strategy for migrating AARD to NML

Page 27 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Charge to the Committee (Rev. 2) At its December 2006 meeting the Fermilab Accelerator Advisory Committee will take a broad look at the entire Fermilab accelerator R&D program, accompanied by a more focused look in areas in which Fermilab is planning new initiatives to provide enhancements to our advanced accelerator R&D program aimed at the post-Run II era. The primary topics for review and discussion are:

Page 28 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Charge to the Committee (cont.) Overview of the Current Accelerator R&D Program We will provide a brief overview of the accelerator R&D program at Fermilab. Topics to be covered include the ILC, LARP/LHC, Neutrino, Muon, and Advanced Accelerator R&D programs. The primary intent of the overview is to provide a contextual framework for more detailed discussion on new initiatives. However, the committee is invited to provide any comments, suggestions, or recommendations they might have regarding the overall strategy, balance, and effectiveness of the program as a whole.

Page 29 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Charge to the Committee (cont.) Fermilab Strategy on the International Linear Collider In our role as the preferred U.S. site of the ILC, Fermilab has a special responsibility for providing leadership within the ILC development effort while preparing itself, and northern Illinois, for a possible host role. We will be discussing Fermilab’s strategy for ILC activities leading up to a possible decision to construct. The goal of this strategy is to have Fermilab fully prepared and recognized as an outstanding host site for the ILC if the decision to construct is made at the end of the decade. We would like comments and recommendations from the committee regarding all aspects of Fermilab’s strategic approach including: technology development & industrialization, accelerator design, site specific design, state of Illinois involvement, and community outreach; and the integration of these activities within both local and international efforts. The committee will recognize that many of these strategic elements are not currently fully developed. Nevertheless, we are asking the committee to look at all these elements from the Fermilab perspective in providing us with advice and/or guidance.

Page 30 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Charge to the Committee (cont.) Creation of the Fermilab Accelerator Physics Center In order to enhance the Fermilab accelerator R&D program aimed at the future, we are in the initial stages of creating an Accelerator Physics Center at Fermilab. The goal is to create an effective organization for support of the Fermilab mission, with particular emphasis on the post-Run II era. The APC will bring under one roof staff dedicated to providing direction and/or support to all accelerator R&D activities aimed toward the future. We will be describing our current vision of the goals, strategies, and plans for the center. Particular emphasis will be placed on the possibilities afforded for enhanced accelerator physics activities in support of ILC, on opportunities opened up by migrating the AARD program currently centered at the A0 photoinjector to the ILC Test Area being planned for the end of the decade, and on possibilities of undertaking an expansion of our muon program to explore more deeply the long-term possibility of a multi-TeV lepton collider based on muons.

Page 31 AAC meeting, Dec 4-6, 2006 – S. Holmes f Charge to the Committee (cont.) AAC input is important at this time since the plans for the APC are not yet set in stone. The committee is asked to review and offer comments, suggestions, and/or recommendations on all aspects of the APC as currently proposed, including: goals, strategy, organization, and implementation. Commentary on specific unique opportunities that could be realized through this initiative would be greatly appreciated. Fine Print As usual the committee is invited to issue comments or suggestions on any aspect of the programs discussed beyond those specifically included in this charge. It is requested that a concise report responsive to this charge be forwarded to the Fermilab Director by February 1, Thank you.