Audiovisual Technologies Chapter 9 Teaching and Learning With Technology, 3e

 The more interactive and multisensory teachers make their teaching, the more likely it is that learning will occur.  Appropriate audio and visual components can engage more of the learner’s senses and help to build multiple cognitive connections.  The addition of audio and visual images addresses students’ auditory and/or visual strengths. AV Technologies

Audio in Teaching and Learning Audio delivery is grounded in the learner’s ability to listen attentively to auditory stimulus

Understanding Listening and Learning Effective Listening Effective Listening Step One: Hearing accurately Step One: Hearing accurately Step Two: Focused listening Step Two: Focused listening Step Three: Reinforcement of content Step Three: Reinforcement of content Restimulates neurons Restimulates neurons Encourages growth of new dendrites Encourages growth of new dendrites Media to Enhance Listening Media to Enhance Listening Synchronous into asynchronous Synchronous into asynchronous

Traditional Audio Media Audiocassettes Audiocassettes Talking book Talking book Multimedia kits Multimedia kits Oral histories Oral histories Oral journals Oral journals Broadcast Audio (Radio) Broadcast Audio (Radio) National Public Radio National Public Radio National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Digital Audio Media Optical Media Optical Media CDs and DVDs CDs and DVDs Durable Durable Access randomly Access randomly Internet Radio Internet Radio Digital Digital Streaming audio Streaming audio Visual and audio Visual and audio Internet Audio Internet Audio WAV files Digital version of analog Quality but large files MP3 Audio compression MP3 playback software

Visual Technologies in Teaching and Learning Learning style research, brain-based instruction, and common sense support the use of visuals in instruction.

Visual Communication and Learning Visual literacy Visual literacy Visual communication Visual communication Subject to interpretation Subject to interpretation Precise as possible Precise as possible Effective visual design Effective visual design Visual (graphics, symbols, real objects) Visual (graphics, symbols, real objects) Text (fonts, colors, sizes) Text (fonts, colors, sizes) Affective elements (elicit response – humor, surprise) Affective elements (elicit response – humor, surprise)

Keys to Effective Visuals All elements essential Elements harmonious Elements work together Elements sized and spaced for clarity For visual excitement and interest Focus message

Nonprojected Visuals Real Objects Real Objects Models Models Exhibits Exhibits Print Materials Print Materials Graphics and Photographs Graphics and Photographs Display Technologies for Nonprojected Visuals Display Technologies for Nonprojected Visuals Bulletin boards, flip charts, magnetic boards, felt boards, chalkboards, whiteboards

Projected Visuals Overhead Projectors/Transparencies Overhead Projectors/Transparencies Digital Projectors Digital Projectors Document Cameras Document Cameras Video camera on stand Video camera on stand Transparencies, slides, documents, 3-D objects Transparencies, slides, documents, 3-D objects Live demonstrations Live demonstrations Experiments Experiments

Understanding Video Technologies Analog Analog Movies Movies Television Television Videotape Videotape Video cameras Video cameras Digital Digital Record and play back data Record and play back data Data can be manipulated and edited Data can be manipulated and edited

Traditional Video Technologies Broadcast Video Broadcast Video Television Television Terrestrial Terrestrial Satellite transmission Satellite transmission Commercial (ABC, CBS, NBC) Commercial (ABC, CBS, NBC) Educational Educational Public Broadcast System (PBS) Public Broadcast System (PBS) Instructional Television (ITV) Instructional Television (ITV) Synchronous delivery Synchronous delivery

Traditional Video Technologies Narrowcast Video Narrowcast Video Targets educational audiences Targets educational audiences Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS) Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS) Microwave Microwave Line-of-sight Line-of-sight Closed-Circuit TV (CCTV) Closed-Circuit TV (CCTV) Cable connections Cable connections Record and replay Record and replay Cablecast Video– uses CCTV cables Cablecast Video– uses CCTV cables

Recorded Video Technologies Video Cassette Recorders Video Cassette Recorders Asynchronous version of broadcast, narrowcast and cablecast programming Asynchronous version of broadcast, narrowcast and cablecast programming VHS format tape VHS format tape Prerecorded tapes Prerecorded tapes Video Camera/Recorders (Camcorders) Video Camera/Recorders (Camcorders) Student presentations Student presentations Field trips Field trips Instruction Instruction

Digital Video Technologies Video saved in digital format can be… Video saved in digital format can be… Changed Changed Edited Edited Displayed Displayed Shared Shared Sent from computer to computer Sent from computer to computer

Digital Video Technologies Digital video clip can be 1gigabite in size Digital video clip can be 1gigabite in size Compression technologies Compression technologies Capture initial image Capture initial image Ignore nonchanging components Ignore nonchanging components Digital video compression formats Digital video compression formats Audio Video Interleaved (AVI) Audio Video Interleaved (AVI) Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) QuickTime (MOV) QuickTime (MOV)

DVDs Digital video disc Digital video disc 4.7 gigabytes on standard 4.7 gigabytes on standard 10.5 gigabytes per side on dual-layer DVD- ROM 10.5 gigabytes per side on dual-layer DVD- ROM Access any segment Access any segment Frame by frame Frame by frame Clips Clips

More Digital Video Technologies Digital Video Camera Digital Video Camera Digital Video Editing Digital Video Editing Edit, add text, add special effects Edit, add text, add special effects iMovie and Windows Movie Maker iMovie and Windows Movie Maker Compressed Video Teleconferencing Systems Compressed Video Teleconferencing Systems Image and sound as clear as broadcast video Image and sound as clear as broadcast video Record and display with traditional video technology Record and display with traditional video technology Used for Distance Learning Used for Distance Learning

Internet Video Internet Broadcasts Internet Broadcasts Streaming video Streaming video Live Cams Live Cams Internet Meetings Internet Meetings Classroom video camera Classroom video camera Video compression software Video compression software

Using Motion Video Preview and Evaluation of Video Media Preview and Evaluation of Video Media Relevance to curriculum Relevance to curriculum Currency and accuracy Currency and accuracy Engagement Engagement Support materials Support materials Technical quality Technical quality

Creating Videos Storyboard Storyboard Record Record Use the potential of the medium Use the potential of the medium Use video to control time Use video to control time Add special effects and text Add special effects and text Obtain parental permission Obtain parental permission before taping students!!! Check District Guidelines Check District Guidelines

Implementing Video Preview and evaluate Preview and evaluate Test in viewing environment Test in viewing environment Review concepts with students Review concepts with students Provide video study guide Provide video study guide Pause occasionally for student responses Pause occasionally for student responses Create after-video activities Create after-video activities Anticipate student emotional reactions Anticipate student emotional reactions Avoid violation of copyright laws Avoid violation of copyright laws