CS 140 Lecture Notes: Technology and Operating Systems Slide 1 Technology Changes Mid-1980’s2012Change CPU speed15 MHz2.5 GHz167x Memory size8 MB4 GB500x.

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Presentation transcript:

CS 140 Lecture Notes: Technology and Operating Systems Slide 1 Technology Changes Mid-1980’s2012Change CPU speed15 MHz2.5 GHz167x Memory size8 MB4 GB500x Disk capacity30 MB500 GB16667x Disk transfer rate2 MB/s100 MB/s50x Network speed10 Mb/s1 Gb/s100x

● Can’t afford to page out unless idle for a long time CS 140 Lecture Notes: Technology and Operating Systems Slide 2 Role of Paging 1960’sTodayChange Disk latency80 ms10 ms8x Disk transfer rate250 KB/s100 MB/s400x Memory size256 KB4 GB16000x Time to replace all of memory (random) 6.4 s3 hours1500x Time to replace all of memory (sequential) 1 s40 s40x

CS 140 Lecture Notes: Technology and Operating Systems Slide 3 Role of Disks Disk access rate not keeping up with capacity: ● Disks must become more archival ● Frequently accessed information must be stored elsewhere (flash? DRAM?) Mid-1980’s2009Change Disk capacity30 MB500 GB16667x Max. transfer rate2 MB/s100 MB/s50x Latency (seek & rotate)20 ms10 ms2x Capacity/bandwidth (large blocks) 15 s5000 s333x Capacity/bandwidth (1KB blocks) 600 s58 days8333x

CS 140 Lecture Notes: Technology and Operating Systems Slide 4

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