Reproduction All living things reproduce. There are two types of reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction The kind of reproduction in which it is not necessary to have two parents to produce offspring. Mitosis, process in which a cell’s nucleus replicates and divides in preparation for division of the cell. Mitosis results in two cells that are genetically identical, a necessary condition for the normal functioning of virtually all cells. Mitosis is vital for growth; for repair and replacement of damaged or worn out cells; and for asexual reproduction.nucleuscell

Types of Asexual Reproduction Budding Fission Spore

Budding New individual develops from some point of the parent and eventually develops into an organism duplicating the parent. Bacteria - one-celled (prokaryotes) organisms visible only through a microscope. Yeast – eukaryotic (multi-celled) microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. Protozoan - single-celled organisms that have membrane -enclosed nuclei, which may form colonies. Potatoes – plant food staple in most countries.

Examples Bacteria drawing Bacteria Picture Yeast Picture Uses of Yeast Microscopic views of ProtozoanNew Potato Potato Production

Fission Division of the body into two or more parts Fission is common among single-celled organisms but is rare in multicellular organisms. Planarians - These soft, flat worms are widely distributed over land, sea and fresh waters Annelids - Segmented worms

Spores The spore is resistant to heat, drought, and other adverse conditions, remaining in a resting state until the environment is favorable for development or germination.

Sexual Reproduction Meiosis - process of cell division in which the cell’s genetic information, contained in chromosomes, is mixed and divided into sex cells with half the normal number of chromosomes. The sex cells can later combine to form offspring with the full number of chromosomes. The random sorting of chromosomes during meiosis assures that each new sex cell, and therefore each new offspring, has a unique genetic inheritance. chromosomes

Types of Sexual Reproduction Internal Placental – Embryo in uterus. Marsupial – Embryo in pouch. Monotreme – Internal - embryo egg (hatch). External – Embryo egg clusters in water (hatch).

Placental LIVE BIRTH

Marsupial

Monotreme

Flower Anatomy

Proper Dissection

Anatomy Definitions anther - the anther is the tip of a flower's stamen ( the male reproductive organs of the plant) - it contains the pollen. filament - the filament is the part of the flower that holds the anther (and part of the stamen, the male reproductive organs of the plant). ovary - the ovary is a female reproductive organ in plants that produces ovules. It is at the base of the pistil. petal - a petal is one of the leafy structures that comprise a flower. Petals are often brightly-colored and have many different shapes. sepal - the sepals are small leaves located directly under a flower - they are the outermost part of a flower. stem (also called the peduncle) - the stem supports the plant. stigma - the stigma is uppermost part of the pistil, the female reproductive tissue of a flower. The stigma receives the male pollen grains during fertilization, when they travel through the style to the ovary. style - the style is part of the pistil, the female reproductive tissue of a flower. The style is a long tube on top of the ovary, and below the stigma.