Motivation & Emotion Stress Sources Measures Theories Effects Coping Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Drive Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Motivation Human Drives Theories of Emotion James-Lange Cognitive Appraisal Schachter two-factor Cannon-Bard Explain complex motives (eating, aggression, achievement and sex)

List 1 1. What is your favorite type of pizza? 2. Of all the television shows you’ve seen lately, what is your favorite? 3. How did you celebrate your last birthday? 4. What clubs might you want to join in college? 5. What is your favorite high school class thus far? 6. What is your biggest fear in life? 7. What animal do you think is the ideal pet? 8. How many kids do you want to have?

List 2 1. What is your favorite dessert? 2. Of all the movies you’ve seen lately, what is your favorite? 3. How are you planning on spending Valentine’s Day? 4. If you could travel anywhere, where would you go? 5. Who is a role model in your life? 6. How old are your parents? 7. When you go to the zoo, what animals do you like to see the best? 8. What is your favorite sport to watch?

4 Uncomfortable Which direction are the feet pointing? Arms or legs crossed / hands clasped Looking around the room Agrees as much as possible

5 Boredom Fidgeting shows boredom and restlessness. Tapping of the foot is distracting and a sure sign of boredom. Slow looks around the room/ceiling or a fixed gaze

6 Flirting Primping Eyes turned downward Held tilting Exposure of the neck Smile (coy)” an expression combining a half- smile and lowered eyes “ Eye contact Proximity Caressing of self Needless touch Parading Samson Pose

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9 Body-language of those in power Those with higher status take up more space through expansive postures like sitting with legs and arms spread apart, smile less and stare directly into another person’s eyes. Those with lower status take up less space through constrictive postures like crossing one’s legs, smile more, and glance away.

Emotion- Lie Detectors Polygraph –machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies –measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion perspiration heart rate blood pressure breathing changes

Control question Relevant question Control question Relevant question (a)(b) Respiration Perspiration Heart rate

Emotion- Lie Detectors 50 Innocents 50 Theives –1/3 of innocent declared guilty –1/4 of guilty declared innocent (from Kleinmuntz & Szucko, 1984) Percentage Innocent people Guilty people Judged innocent by polygraph Judged guilty by polygraph

Which Smile is Genuine?

14 Cultural Use of Space. Typical North American OfficeTypical Japanese Office

Culturally Universal Emotions or Culture Specific?

16 From Infancy!

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