Texas Revolution Revolution Begins Chapter 9 Section 1
Mexican Army Arrives in Texas Mex. fears disloyalty among Texans Mex. Soldiers unable to control tense situations General Cós arrives in San Antonio with 650 soldiers Settlers uneasy – formed committees of correspondence Gen. Cos
Gonzales – The Lexington of Texas 1 st conflict between Mxn troops and Txn colonists – Oct 2, 1835 Mxn Col. Ugartechea wanted Gonzales cannon Txn Col. John H. Moore (plus 160 Txns) said “Come and Take It” Similar to British troops trying to disarm Amer. Colonists during American Revolution
On to San Antonio Oct 9 th – 120 Txns surprise Goliad garrison (1 st Tx bloodshed – Samuel McCulloch; free Afr. Am) Txns now believe Mxn troops could be defeated easily Txns prepare to march against Cós in San Antonio Stephen F. Austin takes command of Army of the People (300 Txns) and marches to San Antonio
Peace Party Prevails at the Consultation War Party Favored immediate declaration of independence No longer live peaceably under Mex. rule Peace Party Oppose Santa Anna Objected to immediate independence Fighting for Mex. Constitution of 1824 –Tex separate Mxn state –Representation in govt
Consultation Peace Party wins “Declaration of the People of Texas in General Convention Assembled” –Printed in both English and Spanish –Loyal citizens of Mexico –Support Mex. Constitution of 1824 –Take up arms against military dictatorship if needed
Provisional Government Begins Temporary government created by Consultation Governor – Henry Smith (War) Lt. Governor – James W. Robinson (War) General council from municipalities – locally governed areas (Peace) Regular army – full-time, paid soldiers; Sam Houston as commander Henry Smith James Robinson
Texas Revolution The Capture of San Antonio Chapter 9 Section 2
The Grass Fight Stephen F. Austin gives up command of army to go to U.S. to plea for assistance Edward Burleson takes over command of volunteer army Erastus “Deaf” Smith (scout) reports of Mxn cavalry and mule train (silver $$) Carry only grass for Cós’ cavalry horses Edward Burleson Deaf Smith
Assault on San Antonio Many Txns went home –Winter; no coats; little military action Ben Milam – captured Goliad and headed to San Antonio (necessary for independence) – Dec 5 th Txn volunteers pushed Mxn troops toward the center of town (Alamo) Dec 9 th – Cós (supplies gone) surrenders and allowed to return to Mex. 400 Texans defeated 1,000 Mexican troops Txns believe war is over and go home Ben Milam
Tejanos and African Americans Join the Fight 100 Tejanos were in the Texas army at San Antonio –Capt. Juan Seguin recruited volunteers –Placido Benavides brought extra volunteers –Manuel Flores Hendrick Arnold, free Afr. Amer., guide Milam’s troops in the Siege of Béxar –Greenbury Logan – 3 rd Texan wounded at San Antonio (crippled for life) Capt. Juan Seguin
The Provisional Government Permanent Council –Created post office; plans for army and navy –Appealed to U.S. for more men, supplies, & $ Gov. Henry Smith argues frequently with general council –Hold a convention in March 1836; attack the town of Matamoros Early 1836 – Texas arguing; not preparing for Santa Anna
Texas Revolution The Convention of 1836 Chapter 9 Section 3
Santa Anna Crosses into Texas Convention called for in March 1836; hoped Santa Anna wouldn’t move until then Santa Anna crossed the Rio Grande in February 1836 Santa Anna arrived in San Antonio – February 23, 1836 Texans moved into The Alamo
The Convention Declares Independence Met in Washington-on-the-Brazos Members –2 native Texans; 45 southern U.S.; 1 Mexico; 1 Ireland; 1 England; 1 Scotland; 1 Canada; 7 northern U.S. Chairman (Richard Ellis) Texas Declaration of Independence –Written by George C. Childress –Similar to U.S. Declaration of Independence –States the Santa Anna’s govt violated the liberties guaranteed under the Mexican Constitution of 1824 Freedom of religion; right to trial by jury; right to bear arms; right to petition; failed to provide public education –March 2 – Texas Independence Day
The Delegates Write a Constitution Completed March 16, 1836 Similar to U.S. Constitution –3 branches of government –Bill of Rights Freedom of speech, religion, press; trial by jury; basic civil rights –Joint property of spouses –Slavery legal
The Ad Interim Government Takes Control President David G. Burnet Vice-President Lorenzo de Zavala Secretary of War Thomas Rusk Commander of the Army Sam Houston
Santa Anna Advances Convention adjourns March 17 Santa Anna believed to be approaching; convention members scatter in all directions President Burnet and his cabinet leave Washington-on-the-Brazos and establish a government at Harrisburg (outside of present-day Houston); fled later to Galveston