2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators Pesticide Usage Survey on Wheat in Hungary Zsuzsanna Szabó Hungarian Central Statistical Office September 2007, Istanbul Transition Facility 2005 – Pesticide Indicators

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators2 Participants The same institutions take part in the project as in the pilot survey in 2005 Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO) – coordination Agricultural Office Deputy Directorate Responsible for Authorization of Plant Protection Products/ Plant Protection Department – fieldwork Expert from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators3 Background information According to the Farm Structure Survey 2005 Number of farms agricultural enterprises private farmers Average farm size (agricultural area) 380 hectares – enterprises 3 hectares – private holdings

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators4 Pesticide statistics in Hungary Sales data are collected on annual basis by the Research Institute for Agricultural Economics Statistical data collection on pesticides use not carried out except for the pilot project in 2005 Information on area treated with pesticide by main crops are included in FSS 2007

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators5 Sample design 1. Type of the survey Representative survey on pesticide use concerning winter wheat Carried out on voluntary basis Reference period (crop season) 2. Sample frame The sample frame of the survey based on Farm Register derives from Agricultural Census The register is actualized according to interval agricultural surveys (FSS 2003, 2005) Sample frame included agricultural enterprises and private holdings with wheat production

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators6 3. Stratification Stratification criteria: harvested area of wheat Three size classes for 20 counties (NUTS 3) StrataCategory 1.<5 ha ha 3.>100 ha From the sample frame a random sample was selected: 780 units (430 enterprises, 350 private farms)

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators7 Distribution of farms visited by PPP inspectors

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators8 Method of data collection All questionnaires are filled out in electronic way Personal interview Holdings <100 hectares are visited by inspectors Number of farms: 520 By In order to reduce the cost of the survey questionnaires were sent to bigger holdings in Number of farms: 260

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators9 Survey organization Data collection was planned to start earlier in June, but due to re-organization of the Agricultural Office and contract problems it was delayed. Execution of the survey has happened in two stages: Field interviews were performed by 25 PPP inspectors in August. They recorded data on their laptops s to bigger farmers were sent later in the beginning of September and it will finish this week

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators10 Survey is based on obligatory record keeping on pesticide use by farmers Data collection happened at farm level opposite to the pilot survey, where data were recorded at the level of parcel. For cost saving reasons we did not organize a training for the inspectors. All necessary instructions were included in the questionnaire guide Substitute list was compiled

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators11 Preliminary results Field interviews: Data have already been sent by PPP inspectors Questionnaires are filled properly Inspectors performed their work precisely (if being unsure they phoned the expert) 100% responses expected By s: Risk of significant non-response (lack of time, voluntary) General problem: not read the questionnaire guide consequently questionnaires could be completed incorrectly, and data quality inappropriate

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators12 General problems Some pesticides were missing from „pull down” pesticide list of the questionnaire, and „other category was not given Not take into account that case, when farmer did not use pesticides at all. In this case inspectors had to select a pesticide and make a note about this at the end of the questionnaire Many times inspectors had to use the substitute list because the original farm list was not up-to date (e.g. included farms not interested in wheat production, address was not suitable)

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators13 Thank you for your attention!

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators14 Data entry, data management Electronic questionnaire Simplified questionnaire compared to the former one based on very detailed English questionnaire. By significantly reduction of additional information the rate of non-response could be decreased. The software was also improved to become user-friendly and make data recording and data processing easier e.g. more checking points have been integrated, which expectedly make data quality better. If data is not correct warning is presented By „pull-down” menu typing mistakes can be avoid Questionnaires can be downloaded directly into excel files, and this way data processing become more rapid

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators15 Variables of the questionnaire General informationSpecific part The ordinal number of farm Time of application Size of agricultural areaThe number of application Sown area of wheatPhenology of crop Date of sowingName of the product used Date of harvestAmount of water Average yield Amount of pesticide Type of application Treated area Cause of application

2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators16 Further steps Data processing: in order to calculate quantities of pesticide used per hectare in active ingredients, we will have to compile a conversion table Further additional excel table is needed to distinguish pesticides by main types ( herbicides, fungisides, insecticides)

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2nd Joint Workshop on Pesticide Indicators20 Thank you for your attention!