Introduction to Psychology Module 1 The History and Scope of Psychology Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School.

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Introduction to Psychology Module 1 The History and Scope of Psychology Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Why study psychology? – Insight Our own behavior, i.e. shyness in certain circumstances Other’s behavior – Practical information Shaping. This is about rewards and punishments Mnemonic devices. Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Defining “psychology” – Social science – Animal/human behavior – Observable behavior and unobservable, i.e. dreams and fantasies – Must study all aspects of human behavior to know it, i.e. shyness at school, but not at home (see Three blind men) – naturalistic observation versus controlled observation Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Scientific basis of psychology – Scientific method Hypothesis Test Analysis Thesis Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Goals of Psychology Describe – Explain: hypothesis theories – Predictions – Control: basic science (research) applied science (treatment) Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Pioneers in Psychology Module One Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Origins of Psychology Philosophy Biology Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Wilhelm Wundt Leipzig, Germany 1879 Laboratory of Psychology applied physiology to the mind use of self-observation (introspection) STRUCTURALISM Today focus: biochemical basis of behavior Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

William James Principles of Psychology (1890) Activities of the mind have one function: survival of species Evolutionary processes are important FUNCTIONALISM Today focus: motivation and emotions Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

John Watson/B.F. Skinner/Ivan Pavlov Study relationship between stimuli and behavior More scientific; the stimuli can be controlled. Focused on learning and conditioning. Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971) by B.F. Skinner: The Walden Two communities BEHAVIORISM Today focus: education and training in military. Animal tricks. Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Abraham Maslow Humans can impact the environment as much as the environment can impact them. Are non-passive or active in the environment. HUMANISM Today focus: intervention on environment to aid individual Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Behaviorism versus Humanism Born bad Individual is responsible for own actions Advocates punishment/rewards as means of social control. Born good Person reacts to environment Advocates intervention to foster personal development. Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School

Sigmund Freud unconscious mind is important the id, the ego, and the super-ego dream analysis and free association focus on formative years PSYCHOANALYIS Psychology Hugh Plouffe Korea International School