Quotes "HE WHO ANGERS YOU CONQUERS YOU" -- ELIZABETH KENNY "NONVIOLENCE IS THE FIRST ARTICLE OFMY FAITH AND IT IS THE LAST ARTICLE OF MY CREED“ -- MAHATMA GANDHI "YOU CANNOT SIMULTANEOUSLY PREVENT AND PREPARE FOR WAR“ -- EINSTEIN “ANGER IS NEVER WITHOUT A REASON, BUT SELDOM WITH A GOOD ONE" -- BENJAMIN FRANKLIN "IF YOU ARE PATIENT IN ONE MOMENT OF ANGER, YOU WILL ESCAPE 100 DAYS OF SORROW“ ‑‑ CHINESE PROVERB

OVER 20,000 HOMICIDES AND 90,000 FORCIBLE RAPES/YEAR OVER 1 MILLION CASES OF CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT PER YEAR IF MARRIED, 1/3 CHANCE OF HUSBAND OR WIFE WILL HIT YOU THE NUMBER OF WARS IN RECORDED HISTORY -- 14,531 OR 2.6 EVERY YEAR Aggression/Violence --- Some Statistics Definition AGGRESSION: BEHAVIOR AGAINST ANOTHER LIVING BEING THAT IS INTENDED TO HARM OF INJURE.

Aggression Factors BIOLOGY AND GENETICS PHYSIOLOGY --- LIMBIC SYSTEM, HORMONES (TESTOSTERONE) PAIN – DISCOMFORT (E.G., HEAT, FRUSTRATION, STRESS) SOCIAL LEARNING --- MODELING (E.G., MEDIA INFLUENCE)

CHARACTERISTICS OF VIOLENT STIMULI A)BEHAVIOR IS REWARDED B) EXITING (EMOTIONALLY AROUSING) C) REALISTIC D) BEHAVIOR IS JUSTIFIED E) BEHAVIOR IS NOT CRITISIZED F) INTENT TO INJURE

Association Between Aggressive Behavior and: Media Violence (e.g., TV, Movies, Video Games) Sports (e.g., Boxing) War

Violence Against Women --- Pornography Definition : EROTIC MATERIAL THAT COMBINES ELEMENTS OF SEXUALITY AND AGGRESSION, AND IN WHICH FORCE OR COERSION IS USED TO ACCOMPLISH THE SEXUAL ACT Film Type: Sexually explicit (e.g., X-rated) Violence (e.g., murder, assault) “Teen sex” films Neutral Effects on: Aggressive behavior and attitudes towards women (e.g., mock rape trial)

Prejudice and Discrimination Types (just about anything): Gender Race Age Religion Attractiveness (and height & weight) Accent Hair color Sexual orientation Social economic status (e.g., money) Disability Nationality

Some examples of prejudice and discrimination Gender --- Female attractiveness and support for the feminist movement Female attractiveness and corporate success Female traits and leadership Race --- Blacks versus Whites shoving incident and perception of violence Black versus Whites and interview performance (self-fulfilling prophecy)

Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination Key Factors Support of Authority Equal Status Contact Work on Common Goals (e.g., Sherif’s work and cooperative classrooms)