Capturing inflows and outflows requires 3D. Enrichment is biased. The first stars were formed in dark matter minihalos around redshift z ≈ 20. In order.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
arvard.edu/phot o/2007/m51/. Confronting Stellar Feedback Simulations with Observations of Hot Gas in Elliptical Galaxies Q. Daniel Wang,
Advertisements

Notes 30.2 Stellar Evolution
Supernova Remnants Shell-type versus Crab-like Phases of shell-type SNR.
Stellar Evolution Astrophysics Lesson 12. Learning Objectives To know:-  How stars form from clouds of dust and gas.  How main sequence stars evolve.
PHYS The Main Sequence of the HR Diagram During hydrogen burning the star is in the Main Sequence. The more massive the star, the brighter and hotter.
Star Formation and the Interstellar Medium
Stellar Evolution Describe how a protostar becomes a star.
Protostars, nebulas and Brown dwarfs
Introduction to Astrophysics Lecture 11: The life and death of stars Eta Carinae.
Primordial Supernovae and the Assembly of the First Galaxies Daniel Whalen Bob Van Veelen X-2, LANL Utrecht Michael Norman Brian O’Shea UCSD T-6, LANL.
Objectives Determine the effect of mass on a star’s evolution.
Stellar Evolution. Basic Structure of Stars Mass and composition of stars determine nearly all of the other properties of stars Mass and composition of.
StarsStars. What is a STAR? The objects that heat and light the planets in a system A star is a ball of plasma held together by its own gravity –Nuclear.
The Science of JWST Caleb Wheeler. Table of Contents First Paper Second Paper Nervous standing after I finish early and everyone is too bored to formulate.
Neutron Star Formation and the Supernova Engine Bounce Masses Mass at Explosion Fallback.
Simulating the Cooling Flow of Cool-Core Clusters Yuan Li Advisor: Greg Bryan Department of Astronomy, Columbia University July 2011.
Cosmological MHD Hui Li Collaborators: S. Li, M. Nakamura, S. Diehl, B. Oshea, P. Kronberg, S. Colgate (LANL) H. Xu, M. Norman (UCSD), R. Cen (Princeton)
Constellations are groups of stars, sometimes in patterns of animals, or objects. Constellations are important because they can help define where in the.
 Glowing ball of gas in space which generates energy through nuclear fusion in its core  Closest star to Earth is the Sun.
Pictures for life death of solar system. Nebulas.
The Sun is a mass of Incandescent Gas A gigantic nuclear furnace.
1 Stellar Lifecycles The process by which stars are formed and use up their fuel. What exactly happens to a star as it uses up its fuel is strongly dependent.
Review for Quiz 2. Outline of Part 2 Properties of Stars  Distances, luminosities, spectral types, temperatures, sizes  Binary stars, methods of estimating.
Renaissance: Formation of the first light sources in the Universe after the Dark Ages Justin Vandenbroucke, UC Berkeley Physics 290H, February 12, 2008.
Line emission by the first star formation Hiromi Mizusawa(Niigata University) Collaborators Ryoichi Nishi (Niigata University) Kazuyuki Omukai (NAOJ) Formation.
StarsStars. A Star…. Heats and lights the planets in a solar system Is a ball of plasma (4 th state of matter consisting of ionized particles) held together.
Life Cycle of a Star. Nebula(e) A Star Nursery! –Stars are born in nebulae. –Nebulae are huge clouds of dust and gas –Protostars (young stars) are formed.
ASTROPHYSICS. Physical properties of star 1.SIZE spherical depends on mass, temperature, gravity & age Range- 0.2R to 220 R, R- solar radius = 6.96 x.
Stars.
Astronomy: Life Cycle of A Star
Life Cycle of Stars Birth Place of Stars:
StarsStars. What is a star? A star is a ball of plasma held together by its own gravity –Nuclear reactions occur in stars (H  He) –Energy from the nuclear.
Life Cycle of a Star The changes that a star goes through is determined by how much mass the star has. Two Types of Life Cycles: Average Star- a star with.
EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE Chapter 30 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe 30.2 Stellar Evolution.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Life Cycle of Stars
Low-Mass Star Formation, Triggered by Supernova in Primordial Clouds Masahiro N. Machida (Chiba University) Kohji Tomisaka (NAOJ) Fumitaka Nakamura (Niigata.
Unit 1: Space The Study of the Universe.  Mass governs a star’s temperature, luminosity, and diameter.  Mass Effects:  The more massive the star, the.
STARS.
Outflows and Chemical Enrichment in the First Galaxies Jeremy Ritter Chalence Safranek-Shrader, Miloš Milosavljević, Volker Bromm.
STARS.
JEREMY S. RITTER, MILOS MILOSAVLJEVIC, AND VOLKER BROMM Population III Stars HII Regions Supernovae Discussion The University of Texas at Austin LEFT:
 Stars are born from great clouds of gas and dust  They mature, grow old, and die  The more massive a star is, the shorter its life  A star is a sphere.
Outflows and Chemical Enrichment in the First Galaxies Jeremy Ritter Chalence Safranek-Shrader, Miloš Milosavljević, Volker Bromm 1.
Stars. Nebulae A nebula is a cloud of dust, hydrogen gas and plasma. The material clumps together to form a protostar. This is the first stage in the.
The Physics of Galaxy Formation. Daniel Ceverino (NMSU/Hebrew U.) Anatoly Klypin, Chris Churchill, Glenn Kacprzak (NMSU) Socorro, 2008.
Stellar Evolution (Star Life-Cycle). Basic Structure Mass governs a star’s temperature, luminosity, and diameter. In fact, astronomers have discovered.
Life Cycle of a Star! Chapter 28 Section 3.
Astrophysics – final topics Cosmology Universe. Jeans Criterion Coldest spots in the galaxy: T ~ 10 K Composition: Mainly molecular hydrogen 1% dust EGGs.
Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Section 2 Section 2: Stellar Evolution Preview Objectives Classifying Stars Star Formation The Main-Sequence Stage Leaving.
Unit 1 Lesson 3 The Life Cycle of Stars
12-2 Notes How Stars Shine Chapter 12, Lesson 2.
Stars.
Stars.
Life Cycle of a Star.
Stars.
Stars.
Stars.
Why is the Universe Lumpy?
The Life Cycle of our Star
Stars.
Supernova! – largest explosions in space
Warm up label the diagram
Stars.
Stars.
STARS.
Stellar Evolution Chapter 30.2.
Stars.
Stars.
Stars.
Presentation transcript:

Capturing inflows and outflows requires 3D. Enrichment is biased. The first stars were formed in dark matter minihalos around redshift z ≈ 20. In order to accurately reproduce this environment we employ a fully cosmological simulation inside a 1 Mpc 3 (comoving) volume. Zooming in on the densest gas using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), we insert a metal-free Population III star (or stars). The stars ionize the surrounding gas creating an HII region before exploding as core collapse supernovae. We follow the expanding ejecta at high resolution for tens or hundreds of millions of years until it has recollapsed to form a new generation of stars. The early universe is a multi-scale problem. 40 kpc (Above) Density projections centered on a 10 6 M  minihalo. A single 60 M  star has partially ionized the surrounding gas, leaving behind a wall of dense neutral clouds. (Far Right) A supernova blastwave has been inserted at high resolution with ergs of kinetic energy and cell size 0.05 pc. Density-metallcity phase diagram of the gas in a recollapsing dark matter halo 200 Myr after the explosion of 7 supernovae. The solid lines show the average metallicity contribution from each supernovae (color) and total (black). Fragments from the first few supernovae contribute more to the collapsing gas than the relatively diffuse ejecta from the final few supernovae. Radially-averaged density profiles of gas in a cosmological (solid) or spherically symmetric (dashed) minihalo heated by ionizing radiation. Instabilities in a supernova blastwave are enhanced when it has expanded to R SN ≤ 100 pc and interacts with the dense shell or neutral clouds along the cosmic web filament. (Left) Density slices through a supernova blastwave inside a uniform density background. The canonical blastwave phases are free expansion, Sedov-Taylor, and momentum-conserving “snowplow”. Sizes are in parsecs. (Left to right) Density, temperature and metallicity projections 8.5 Myr after a single supernova. The blastwave has been completely fragmented. Some ejecta escapes the virial radius (180 pc) while the filaments of the cosmic web resume flowing back into the central gas cloud pc360 pc (Right) This supernova is well- described by the simple Sedov-Taylor solution. Explosions in a realistic background are subject to additional instability due to interaction with the non-uniform cosmic web. Ejecta and fallback are inhomogeneous. Cross-section of the ejecta particles through the middle of a super-bubble, 72 Myr after the sequential explosions of 7 supernovae. The ejecta tracer particles are colored according to their progenitor supernova. Large inhomogeneities remain between the ejecta from different supernovae. Slice through the recollapsing remnant showing the vorticity magnitude, 200 Myr after the 7 supernovae. A larger vorticity implies a shorter mixing timescale. The metal-rich fragments are shown with black tracer particles. The ejecta fragments remain mostly unmixed with one another down to the resolution limit of our simulations, however the vorticity rises as the gas falls onto the dense central cloud. Average rate of gas inflow (solid) and outflow (dashed) through the central 10 pc of a minihalo following a single supernova. Inflow from the cosmic web resumes relatively quickly after 1 Myr while the accretion of metal fragments is bursty and takes a longer time. Metals All gas Ejecta-rich clumps falling back onto the recollapsing gas cloud at the center of a dark matter halo are biased towards the ejecta that are compressed into the momentum-conserving snowplow thin shell that becomes fragmented due to interaction with the cosmic web. In the case of a single supernova this bias is towards the outer ejecta layers, while for multiple supernovae the bias is towards earlier supernovae. Jeremy Ritter is a native Texan. After spending several years as a programmer, he returned to school to pursue a career in computational astrophysics. He is currently in his 3 rd year as a PhD student at the University of Texas at Austin. Free expansion Sedov-Taylor Snowplow Density slices with ejecta tracer particles 40 Myr after the explosion. Ejecta-rich fragments are falling back in streams that intersect with the inflowing pristine hydrogen from the cosmic web filaments. 4 kpc 400 pc 40 pc