Motivation & Emotion The Psychology of Motivation: The Why’s of Why

Motivation & Emotion Learning Objectives: n Terms n Theories of Motivation n Hunger n Emotions

Psychology of Motivation n Motives n Needs n Drives n Incentives

Theories of Motivation n Biological Theory n Instinct Theory n Drive Reduction Theory n Cognitive (dissonance) Theory n Sociocultural Theory n Humanistic Theory

Humanistic Theory n Abraham Maslow n Behavior is also motivated by a conscious desire for personal growth. n Tolerate sources of tension to achieve perceived personal fulfillment. n Self actualization

Hierarchy of Needs n Self Actualization n “ Abundancy Esteem n Needs ”Love & Beloningness n Safety “ Deficiency Physiological n Needs ”

Self Actualization Characteristics: u spontaneity in living, u Nonconformity u Live a problem centered life A. Einstein, H.D. Thoreau, Eleanor Roosevelt, L.V. Beethoven

Hunger / Obesity n Satiety: satisfied, fullness u Hypothalamus F Ventromedial Nucleus (VMN) n Psychological Factors n Obesity (high vs. low SES)

Eating Disorders n Distortion of body image and gross disturbances in eating patterns. n Anorexia Nervosa u refusal to maintain healthful body weight n Bulimia Nervosa u recurrent cycles of binge eating followed by dramatic measures to purge the food.

Three A’s of Motivation n Achievement: tangible / intangible n Affiliation: social glue n Aggression u Overview by perspective

Emotions n Feeling states:  ’l, behavioral, & cognitive components. Paul Ekman: Facial Feedback Hypothesis n Stereotypical facial expressions n Facial expressions reflect emotional states, recognition allows us to interact. n Current work (NYC Police; Dept. Homeland Sec)

Theories of Emotion James-Lange Theory : emotions follow u consistent with Facial Feedback Hypothesis u smile = happy feelings (yes / no?) Cannon-Bard Theory : simultaneous Theory of Cognitive Appraisal : thinking Commonsense Theory

Lie Detectors Do they really detect lies? n Sympathetic Arousal u BP, heartrate, respiration, perspiration n Legal Court Vs. Court of Public Opinion Can you deceive a lie detector test?