Writing Coherence of the context 篇章的连贯性

Compare A) I opened the door. I went into the room. It was dark inside.I walked to the window. I opened the window. I looked out. There are many old women doing morning exercises. I watched them for some time. B) After opening the door, I went into the room. It was dark inside the room, so I walked toward the window and opened it. I saw some old women doing morning exercises and watched them for some time.

连接词是指在文章中用来说明上下 句或前后两个意思之间关系的词或 词组。连接词通常用于开篇，引出 扩展句；也可用于句中，尤其是用 于较长的复合句中，以作为上下文 的连接纽带；还可以置于文末或段 末，用于总结上文或结束本段落的 内容。

书面表达常用 连接词

连接词的分类 及适当使用

1) 表示平行、对等关系： and, as well, or, also, both…and, … as well as… not only…, but (also)…...

注意： 注意： Television is not only boring,but it also wastes a lot of time. Not only is television boring, but it also wastes a lot of time.

2) 表选择关系 not…but… 不是 … 而是 instead of… 而不是 either…or… 或者 … 或者 neither…nor… 既不 … 也不 rather than… 而不是

Actually, what the old couple did didn’t help the swans, but harmed them. Instead of preparing all the things for the swans, the old couple should let them live independently.

注意： 注意： It was what he meant rather than what he said.

3). 表示转折关系的连接词 but, However, while, whereas yet, Instead,on the contrary, in contrast (to…) nevertheless 然而, 而（表对比关系） 相反地 仍然, 不过, 然而

The sport first appeared in 1896, but none were contested during the 1904 and 1928 games. ( 广东 2008)

注意 : The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. ( 广东 2007) 对比

He was tired; nevertheless (however), he kept working. If I had been the swan, I wouldn’t have depended on the old couple too much. Instead, I would have learned to be independent.

4) 表示让步关系的连接词 in spite of … despite although / though / as( 倒装 ) even if / even though however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)

Helpful as it was at that moment, it would gradually weaken the swans’ living ability and cultivated the habit of laziness.

He stopped us about half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender. So come on, stand here. (NMET 1997) He didn’t work hard, as a result, he failed in the exam. Eventually, they died and so did the swans as a result of lack of care.

5). 表示因果关系的连接词： because; since ; as ; now that because of… ; thanks to…; due to…; on account of … ; owing to … ; as a result of… for this reason; for the reason that… so; therefore; thus so that; so…that ; such…that in consequence ; consequently

6) 表示解释说明的连接词： in other words that is (to say) In other words, I love my hometown and the people there.

7) 表列举 / 举例 for example; for instance such as like Take … for example Take … as an example

I can follow my own interests, such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons. (NMET2001)

For one thing, we can take up the activities in our house. Such as we can wash the clothes without machine every four weeks and reduce the waste of food. Besides, we can walk on food instead of driving car. For another, we can make use of the old books in suitable way at school…. ( 学生习作 ) For example

8) 表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment from now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as, during

After that I went to No.6 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer.(NMET1996 范文 ) The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road.(NMET2000 范文 )

议论文论述顺序连接词 1) First, Second, Third, … at last / finally 2) Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly,… Lastly 3) In the first place,In the second place,… In the last place 4) First of all / To begin with, Then / Next, Besides /In addition /Furthermore/ What is more important / Moreover, last of all 5) For one thing, For another (thing) 6)On (the) one hand, … On the other hand,… （并列） （转折）

In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What’s more, I can go to bed earlier. (NMET2001) In addition to meeting the need of markets at home, its products are shipped to many countries.

9). 表递进 / 补充关系的连接词 besides, in addition, moreover, furthermore, what’s more what’s worse, worse still, to make things worse, What’s the worst what’s better more importantly

10). 表示类比 / 对比的连接词： similarly in the same way like likewise 同样地 Compared with/ to … She, like thousands of others, is fascinated by this work.

Likewise, children nowadays are like pearls in their parents’ palm, who can not experience as much as those in the old days.

11). 表示总结的连接词： in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, in summary, to sum up, in general, on the whole, to conclude, / in conclusion, as has been stated /as I have shown

In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce the learning load.(NMET2001) In a word, great changes have taken place in our village.

Practice: use the proper conjunctions to make the passage more coherent. On the morning of February 8, 2000, I was walking along Park Road towards the east. I saw an elderly man come out of the City Park. A yellow car drove up Third Street. It suddenly turned right. It hit the old man. He fell down with a cry. The car didn’t stop to save the old man. It drove off at great speed.

On the morning of February 8, 2000, I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the City Park. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a sudden right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the old man. He fell down with a cry. But the car didn’t stop to save the old man. Instead ， it drove off at great speed.

总结 连接成分起着承上启下的作用，是 语义关系过渡的桥梁。有效、适当 地使用语句间的连接成分，可使全 文结构紧凑，层次清楚，过渡自然。 避免过分堆积，否则将适得其反。

如何学好英语 大声朗读容易记住 ; 形成用英语思考的 习惯 每天收听英语广播 ; 用英语和别人交谈 听力和口语进步快 坚持用英语写日记写作能力不断提高 下面是玛丽学习英语的情况，请用英语介绍 表中所列情况。（ 5 个句子表达所有内容）

1. I’d like to tell you how Mary learns English. 2.She often reads aloud, which helps her to remember them easily and form a good habit of thinking in English. 3.She listens to English program every day and communicate/talk with others in English. 4. She has improved both her listening and spoken English. 5. She keeps a diary in English and her written English is becoming better and better.

Now, I’d like to tell you how Mary learns English. For one thing, She often reads aloud, which helps her to remember them easily and form a good habit of thinking in English. For another, she listens to English program every day and communicate/ talk with others in English. In this way, She has improved both her listening and spoken English. In addition, she keeps a diary in English every day so that her written English is becoming better and better.

Thank you all