Bio 2 – Skeletal Lab Samples by SID_T

Source: Copyright: The University of Waikato Class 2 lever. Note: Force = Effort and Resistance = Load

Class 3 Lever Joint: elbow Action: flexion using the biceps

Class 1 lever (Also: elbow, extension using triceps)

Class 1 – elbow, extension Load (resistance) Effort (force) Movement (opposite of load)

Vertebrae Anatomy source:

Cervical thoracic atlas axis Spinous process body Cat Vertebral Column

Goat Cervical Vertebrae Atlas Axis

fr Frontal (with eye socket) Parietal Occipital Temporal (with auditory meatus and Zygomatic process) Auditory meatus

Nasal Maxillary zygomatic Frontal Parietal Temporal

Here is a link to some “exploded” views of cat skulls ns/zoo-review/cat-skulls/index1.html Note: the skulls in the labs are kitten and young cat so the bones are not as developed.

Maxillary zygomatic Zygomatic arch of Temporal bone Temporal Foramen Magnum Occipital Palatine Sphenoid Occipital condyle

Mandible

Phalanges Metatarsals Tarsals (includes Talus) Talus Calcaneous

Spenoid Temporal Atlas Mandible Palatine Ethmoid Zygomatic arch

Mandible Palatine Ethmoid frontal Occipital

Maxillary Occipital Ethmoid Frontal

Occipital Maxillary Nasal Parietal Mandible foramen

Parietal Nasal I am just not certain (premaxilla and interparietal? But you do not need to know these

Ulna Radius Humorus Broken scapula Glenoid Cavity

Pelvis (goat) Femur Tibia crainiad Caudad (toward the tail) Illium Ischium Pubis Greater Trochanter Lesser trochanter Acetabulum sacrum

Scapula Glenoid Fossa Corocoid Process Scapular spine Acromion process Posterior/dorsal surface

Glenoid fossa Scapular spine Human model Cat Bovine

Wow, my thumb is small Compared to the cow ‘s humerus

Anterior (costal) surface Coracoid process Acromion process

Parietal Frontal occipital temporal zygomatic sphenoid Zygomatic process

I wonder if this guy went to university?

parietal frontal temporal zygomatic sphenoid

Hand phalanges metacarpals Carpals

Parietal parietal frontal Notice: in the cat there are L and R frontal. In Human it is a single frontal bone Occipital

1 2 3 Malleus Incus stapes

Palatine sphenoid temporal teeth mandible

Cut Long bone of a Cow epiphysisdiaphysisEpiphysis Medullary cavity Spongy bone Compact bone What is in the medullary cavity ? What is in the spongy bone? Produces what?

Cat Pelvis Illium Ischium Pubis Socket (acetabulum) underneath Note: where pubic bones Join is called the pubic symphysis

F Flat bones Long bones Irregular bones Any crainial Bone (frontal, Parietal, temporal) (Patella)

sternum manubrium body Xyphoid process Costal cartilage True ribs (7) Floating ribs (2) False Ribs (3) Clavicle

Oh, my broken back. Want to donate a new Skelaton to MICS? Contact clavicle Acromion process scapula Thoracic vertebrae (12) Floating ribs

Goat (dog?) skull Frontal zygomatic Zygomatic Process Of temporal bone Parietal Nasal maxillary

I could sure go for some dog sate!

Goat Skull – inferior surface Occipital zygomatic temporal Zygomatic Process Maxillary (maxilla) (combined it is called the zygomaticArch) sphenoid palatine Occipital Condyle Foramen Magnum

Patella femur tibia Fibula (lateral) What leg, left or right?

Previous slide: the left Leg – fibula is lateral. Fibula Tibia calcaneous talus tarsals metatarsals phalanges

Cat femur Tibia fibula Greater trochanter Articular surface condyle epicondyle

Ischium Pubis Ilium 4 Acetabulum

1 Osteonic canal /haversion canal 2 Lacuna – place bone cell used to be Layer of matrix = lamella (between lacuna)

Terms of movement flexion extension adduction

Now that is what I call HYPER- extension

Abduction rotation circumduction

Inversion - sole inward eversion - sole outward

Also, pronation and supination – hard to draw

Note: there may be some errors and omissions in this review presentation. Check through all your labs, notes, and handouts and review the questions and problems.