The Executive Office The Executive Office of the President (EOP) consists of individuals and agencies that directly assist the president. POTUS: President of the United States

Modern presidents rely on the EOP to provide specialized advice and information needed for decision making. Presidents also use the EOP to help them implement presidential decisions and to gain more control over the executive branch.

Executive Office Agencies President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Executive Office of the President in 1939. The national government grew rapidly during this time and FDR and his few assistants felt overwhelmed because they couldn’t coordinate all of the new programs. Congress passed the Reorganization Act of 1939 that created the EOP.

Today the EOP consists of the White House Office and several specialized agencies that all report directly to the president. Agency staffs include attorneys, scientists, social scientists, and other highly technical or professional personnel. The following entities exist within the Executive Office of the President: Council of Economic Advisers Council on Environmental Quality Executive Residence National Security Council Office of Administration Office of Management and Budget Office of National Drug Control Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of the United States Trade Representative Office of the Vice President White House Office

Domestic Policy Council Office of National AIDS Policy In addition, the following entities exist within the White House Office: Domestic Policy Council Office of National AIDS Policy Office of Faith-based and Neighborhood Partnerships Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation White House Rural Council National Security Advisor National Economic Council Office of Cabinet Affairs Office of the Chief of Staff Office of Communications Office of the Press Secretary Media Affairs Research Speechwriting Office of Digital Strategy Office of the First Lady Office of the Social Secretary Office of Legislative Affairs Office of Management and Administration

White House Personnel White House Operations Telephone Office Visitors Office Oval Office Operations Office of Presidential Personnel Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs Office of Public Engagement Council on Women and Girls Office of Intergovernmental Affairs Office of Urban Affairs Office of Scheduling and Advance Office of the Staff Secretary Presidential Correspondence Executive Clerk Records Management Office of the White House Counsel

There are over 1500 full time employees of the EOP. Why has the EOP grown? First: every president reorganizes it, adding new agencies or expanding existing ones in response to the problems of the day Second: some problems are so complex, presidents have wanted experts available to advise them about issues related to those problems

Third: many of today’s huge federal programs require several executive departments and agencies to work together; EOP staff added to help coordinate efforts. Three oldest EOP agencies: Office of Management and Budge, the National Security Council, and the Council of Economic Advisors

Office of Management and Budget OMB Largest of the EOP The OMB prepares the national budget that the presidents propose to Congress each year Each year all executive agencies submit their budgets to the OMB for review

The OMB also reviews all legislative proposals executive agencies prepare---called central clearance

National Security Council NSC created to coordinate American military and foreign policy The NSC is chaired by the President. Its regular attendees (both statutory and non-statutory) are the Vice President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the statutory military advisor to the Council, and the Director of National Intelligence is the intelligence advisor. The Chief of Staff to the President, Counsel to the President, and the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy are invited to attend any NSC meeting.

The Attorney General and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget are invited to attend meetings pertaining to their responsibilities. The heads of other executive departments and agencies, as well as other senior officials, are invited to attend meetings of the NSC when appropriate. A special assistant for national security affairs, called the national security advisor, directs the NSC staff. Susan Rice

Council of Economic Advisors Assesses the nation’s economic health Predicts future economic conditions Aids other executive agencies involved with economic planning The council also proposes solutions to specific problems such as unemployment and inflation Prepares annual report—Economic Report of the President