FS HN 167 Exam 2 2/22/16

Outline Lipids – Classifying – Hydrogenation – Digestion/Absorption – Functions and Lipoprotiens CVD – What is it? – Risk factors/Lifestyles/Diet modifications – Effect of different diets Protein – Amino Acids – Functions – Digestion/Absorption – Quality vs. quantity – Protein Energy Malnutrition – Non-traditional eating patterns Metabolism – Chemical energy – Energy metabolism – Feasting/Fasting states – Carb example Alcohol

LIPIDS

Classifying Lipids Triglycerides – 3 ways that they differ Phospholipids Sterols

Hydrogenation Explain the process chemically Why do they do it? Positives Negatives

Digestion and absorption Draw out and name substances with an important role

Body lipid functions and Lipoproteins List at least 3 functions of lipids in the body. Lipoproteins: Chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL – Where is each synthesized? – What is the function of each?

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Components of CVD What does CVD mean, what actually happens? “Good” and “Bad” cholesterol: why?

Risk factors/Lifestyle/Diet modifications Know lists: – 6 major risk factors for CVD – Lifestyle factors to reduce risk of CVD – Diet modifications for people who are already at risk of CVD

Effect of different diets on cholesterol levels Talk about a diet: – High in cholesterol – High in saturated fat – High in unsaturated fat – Low total fat

PROTEIN

Amino Acids Structure – Primary – Secondary – Tertiary – Quaternary

Functions Name at least 5 functions of proteins

Digestion and Absorption Draw out and name substances with an important role

Quality vs. Quantity Quality – High biological value – Low biological value Improving quality – Plant engineering – Supplementation – Complementation

Protein energy malnutrition Define: – Marasmus – Kwashiorkor

Non-traditional Eating Patterns Define: – Lacto-ovo-vegetarian – Lacto-vegetarian – Vegan Positives and negatives of these diets: list at least 4 of each

METABOLISM

Chemical Energy Where is chemical energy “trapped”? – What is this molecule called? Define: – Metabolism – Anabolism – Catabolism

Energy metabolism 3 Steps: – Conversion of energy yielding nutrient to Acetyl CoA (central step) – Go through TCA cycle (Krebs/Citric Acid/TCA) – Electron transport chain

Feasting/Fasting states Feasting “________ energy balance” – Insulin released. Effect? Fasting “_________ energy balance” – Know what happens when you have inadequate: Calories Protein Carbs

Carbohydrate Example Which cells use only glucose for energy? Short term and long term effects of inadequacy

ALCOHOL

Digestion and Absorption Where?

Metabolism/Rate Draw out diagram of pathways Factors that change rate of metabolism

Negative effects Short term Long term

Positive effects of alcohol Moderate consumption