IMPERIALISM UNIT 4

UNIT 4.1 INTRO TO IMPERIALISM Alfred T. Mahan Hawaii – Why? Hawaii China Japan Imperialism Nationalism Imperialist Powers Alaska Growth of the U.S. Navy Essential Question: How is Imperialism similar or dissimilar to Manifest Destiny? Compare.

IMPERIALISM Empire - an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority

NATIONALISM Imperialism led to nationalism – the belief that one’s country is superior and deserving of admiration Theory that Social Darwinism proved that Western Nations were culturally superior Christian Missions – lead to religious tensions in non-Christian Nations

IMPERIALIST POWERS Great Britain France Belgium Germany Japan

ALASKA Purchased by William Seward (Lincoln’s Sec. of State) from Russia for $7.2m – wanted an American Empire Known as “Seward’s Ice Box”

GROWTH OF THE U.S. NAVY Alfred T. Mahan – “Sea Power” – Nations with a better Navy have more impact on the world - led U.S. Navy’s shift to steam powered ships

HAWAII – WHY? Great location for a port – access to Asia – can grow sugarcane

HAWAII King Kalakaua - had Treaty with the US – made importation of sugar cheap – planters were very wealthy Queen Liliuokalani – Overthrown by planters with help of U.S. Marines Sugar Tycoon – Sanford Dole – Became President of the Republic of Hawaii Hawaii became a U.S. Territory in 1898

CHINA Spheres of influence – European powers had internal control over China – introduced trade and business

CHINA - CONTINUED U.S. Sec. of State John Hay – demanded “Open Door Policy” to give all countries equal footing in China Boxer Rebellion – Chinese angered over Christian influences – European countries helped to end the rebellion - exploitation and control increased

JAPAN Traditional Society – Feudalism – Based on Agriculture Great White Fleet = U.S. Navy – Japan realized they were behind, tried to catch up – led to an industrial and technological frenzy

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How is Imperialism similar or dissimilar to Manifest Destiny? Compare.

UNIT 4.2 SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Unrest in Cuba S – USS Maine L - De Lome Letter I - Imperialism P - Propaganda - Yellow Journalism War in the Philippines War in Cuba Results of War Annexing the Philippines Controlling Cuba Controlling Puerto Rico Essential Question: Explain how war with the Spanish affected the United States on the world stage.

UNREST IN CUBA Cubans revolt against Spanish – Spanish execute rebel leaders Jose Marti – campaigned in America to gain support for Cuban freedom – killed by Spanish government Spanish General Valeriano Weyler – Leader in Cuba – ruthless and harsh “Butcher Weyler” Created “relocation camps” for 300,000 Cubans he trusted

S – USS MAINE Blew up in Havana Harbor (Cuba) – 260 Americans killed Spain was blamed

L – DE LOME LETTER Spanish Minister Enrique Dupuy De Lome bashed President McKinley William Randolph Hearst’s newspaper released it – turned sentiment against Spanish

I - IMPERIALISM The act of creating an empire - What is an empire?

P – PROPAGANDA – YELLOW JOURNALISM William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer Exaggerated stories War = big issue Big issue = higher newspaper sales Higher newspaper sales = $$$ War = $$$

WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES Manila Bay – Commodore George Dewey defeats Spanish fleet thanks to steel and iron ships Emilio Aguinaldo led Filipino Rebels on land Spanish were surrounded on land and by sea - surrendered

WAR IN CUBA U.S. strategy: Control Santiago Battle of San Juan Hill – Led by Theodore Roosevelt and his “Rough Riders” – American Victory U.S. Navy sank entire Spanish fleet around Cuba

RESULTS U.S. gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam U.S. purchases the Philippines for $20m

ANNEXING THE PHILIPPINES Gains: Economic value through trade and exploitation – Strategic value with a port Problems: Philippines wanted to govern themselves – Nativists didn’t want Filipino immigrants Annexed: 1899 – Freedom Fighters fought against the US for 3 years Legislative Rights: 1916 Full Independence: July 4 th, 1946

CONTROLLING CUBA McKinley set up a military government – Governor of Cuba appointed Attempted to end yellow fever by eliminating standing water Cuba drafted a New Constitution Platt Amendment - made Cuba a US Protectorate

CONTROLLING PUERTO RICO McKinley set up a military government – governed as a territory Foraker Act of 1900 – U.S. appoints their governor and upper House Legislature – Puerto Rico elects their lower House Legislature US Citizenship and Full Legislative Powers – 1917 Self-Governing Commonwealth – 1952 (U.S. still controlled trade, foreign policy, and military)

ESSENTIAL QUESTION Explain how war with the Spanish affected the United States on the world stage.

UNIT 4.3 IMPERIALISM IN FOREIGN POLICY Essential Question: How did foreign policy evolve due to America’s shift of focus to Imperialism? Panama Revolution Panama Canal – Why? Panama Canal Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary – In Use Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy Military Intervention

PANAMA REVOLUTION Panama revolted against Columbian control – Roosevelt recognized Panama as an official nation

PANAMA CANAL – WHY?

PANAMA CANAL Roosevelt signed treaty giving the US control of 10 mile wide canal zone Work began in May 1904 – was slow and dangerous Malaria Yellow Fever Material Shortages

PANAMA CANAL - CONTINUED Finished in 1914 – SS Ancon was the first ship to pass through the canal

MONROE DOCTRINE What was the Monroe Doctrine? Who did it apply to?

THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY Big Stick Diplomacy - use military to support Monroe Doctrine Latin America had no input

ROOSEVELT COROLLARY – IN USE Dominican Republic was in debt to Europe Roosevelt Corollary issued as warning to not interfere

DOLLAR DIPLOMACY William Howard Taft Policy of promoting American ECONOMIC interests abroad to achieve American goals American investment of more than $1.6B in Latin America

MORAL DIPLOMACY Woodrow Wilson Persuasion and American ideals to advance the nation’s interests “I am going to teach South American Republics to elect good men”

MILITARY INTERVENTION Civil unrest over democratic elections led to military intervention Haiti in 1915 Dominican Republic in 1916

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did foreign policy evolve due to America’s shift of focus to Imperialism?