Objective: Energy Pyramid Essential Question: How does energy flow on a food pyramid? Words to Know: Trophic level Primary producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer Quaternary consumers

Warm-Up: Draw a food chain for the following organisms: mouse, hawk, grass, snake, cricket

Trophic Levels Energy from the sun is transferred from one organism to the next through the different levels of food chains. These different energy levels in food chains are referred to as trophic levels Birch Tree > Moose > Black Bear Trophic Level 1 Trophic Level 2 Trophic Level 3

Producers Producers use most of the energy they make for themselves. But… they do share some of the energy… with who?Producers use most of the energy they make for themselves. But… they do share some of the energy… with who? Trophic level 1 =Producers (Plants) =>

Pass it On The energy that is not used by producers can be passed to organisms that cannot make their own energy (CONSUMERS). Birch Tree Moose

Consumers that eat producers to get energy: Are primary consumers They are herbivores (plant-eaters) Trophic level 2 =Primary Consumers (Herbivores)

Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from the producer is used by the consumer.Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from the producer is used by the consumer. But… they do share some of the energy…But… they do share some of the energy… –with who? Trophic level 2 =Moose = Primary Consumer = Herbivore =>

This energy is available for another consumer (predator). Most of the energy the secondary consumer gets from the primary consumer is used by the secondary consumer. Trophic level 3 =BlackBear =SecondaryConsumer = Omnivore

A Consumer that Eats Another Consumer for Energy: Is called a secondary consumerIs called a secondary consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivoreMay be a carnivore or a omnivore Will be a predatorWill be a predator

A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer: Is called a tertiary consumerIs called a tertiary consumer May be a carnivore or an omnivoreMay be a carnivore or an omnivore Will be a predatorWill be a predator

Arrows always points in the direction of energy flow 1st organism is always the producer 2nd organism is the consumer that eats the producer Primary consumer 3rd organism is the consumer that eats the Primary consumer Secondary consumer And so on…..

ENERGY PYRAMID: Shows how energy decreases (gets less) as animals get higher in the food chain. COPY on page 82

Energy Pyramids Show Amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers Amount of available energy decreases down the food chain It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers

Energy Transfer Only about 10% of energy is transferred from one level to the next The other 90% is used by the organism to carry out its life processes or it is lost to the environment

Energy is lost GREATEST Amount of Energy LEAST Primary Consumers- organisms that eat producers - herbivores Producers make their own food Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. They are carnivores and omnivores Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers Quaternary consumers eat tertiary consumers.

Stop-and-Think A mountain lion eats a deer that ate leaves off a tree. 1.Draw this food chain 2.Which is the producer? Which are the consumers? Predator/prey? 3.Which is the herbivore in this food chain? 4.Take this food chain and draw an energy pyramid. -Label all trophic levels and label the type of consumers.

Draw this chart onto page 86 Type of Organism Number of Organisms Algae 3,000 Fish 800 Bear 65

Put the three organisms into an energy pyramid Number the trophic levels on your pyramid. Write and answer: Why are there less bears than fish in this ecosystem? Write and answer: Which is the primary consumer? How do you know?

FOR the following food chain: seeds→ snail → bird → fox → hawk DRAW and Complete an Energy Pyramid,

Trophic Levels: The trophic level of an organism is the position it holds in a food chain. Primary producers make their own food, bottom of every food chain Primary consumers are animals that eat primary producers; they are also called herbivores (plant- eaters). Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. They are carnivores (meat-eaters) and omnivores (animals that eat both animals and plants). Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers. Quaternary consumers eat tertiary consumers. Food chains "end" with top predators, animals that have little or no natural enemies.